The Importance Of Risk Management Function Within Businesses

Part A: State-of-the-Art-Review Risk Management is the process of recognising, measuring, and handling the risks that an organisation faces. As the outcomes of business activities are uncertain, there are some forms of risk taking place, for example: strategic failures, operational failures, financial failures, market disturbances, environmental disasters, and regulatory violations. (Lexicon.ft.com, 2015). Trends Many institutions have evolved into more complex and sophisticated when it comes to risk management functions due to the fact risk management has become more important in organisations. The role of role managers is more senior and more powerful because of the amount of decisions it has to make. Another key element of the development of the risk management function within businesses is because of the increased awareness that risk management is an â€Å"organisational discipline† as a set of functions performed by a specific part. This reflects the recognition that risk management is essential in all trading and other activities that entail risk assumption. This means that all traders and other employees have the ability to perform risk management functions, which is a component of each activity within the business. In this method, risk management performs a policy role and direction. Risk management in the widest sense is fixed within the organisation and its management process es. (The Risk Management Function (1) In 2009, the company Accenture, which is one of theShow MoreRelatedAssignments: Managing Business Activities to Achieve Results1060 Words   |  5 Pageseffectiveness and efficiency. †¢ Unit abstract This unit focuses on the effective and efficient planning and management of business work activities. It gives learners with understanding and skills needed to design and implement operational systems to improve their effectiveness and efficiency and achieve the desired results for the business. Learners are encouraged to consider the importance and interrelationship of business processes and the implementation of operational plans, together with qualityRead MoreThe Importance of IT Auditing in the Modern World of Business1328 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment, and IT risks. The course also outlines the significant impact on the development of the audit profession by the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002. As the profession continues to evolve, IT auditing has become a segment of the auditing profession that involves attesting to automated controls and compliance with the legal and regulatory environment. The audit profession also contributes to the strengthening of the corporate governance regime within publicly traded businessRead MoreDifferences Between Islamic Bank and Conventional Banks Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pages Differences Between Islamic Bank and Conventional Conventional Banks Islamic Banks 1. 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The paper will also identify specific best/worst practices in the Aerospace industry before offeringRead MoreEssay on Ecolab’s Profile and It Function1660 Words   |  7 PagesEcolab’s Profile and IT function Abidemi Agboola Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota Schools of Graduate Professional Programs ITM 605, Business Profile and IT Function description Doug Olson, MS, Instructor January February 6, 2013 Abstract Ecolab Inc. is on the major producer of cleaning products and programs for hospitals, food services and energy industries. The aim of this paper is to focus on various aspects of the companyRead MoreThe Community Emergency Response ( Cert )1379 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers and officials are equipped to conduct the tasks required of them. Therefore, training is a pivotal component as the businesses and nongovernmental organizations operating in the community are called upon to assist in the overall community response. 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Business organizations combat this and other risks using General Controls and Application ControlsRead MoreInternal System Controls And Application Controls Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesInternal System Controls Introduction Today, businesses rely mostly on technology. However, there are risks that business information systems face such as human input errors, transaction or data input that is unsuitably permitted prior to data input, and input controls that do not offer assurance that all transactions that are initially caught and recorded; these risks are all categorized as data origin risks. Business organizations combat this and other risks using General Controls and Application ControlsRead MoreDeloitte Profile Of Deloitte Consulting1393 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Deloitte Consulting or Deloitte is the brand name under which thousands of professionals and independent firms collaborate to provide audit, consulting, financial advisory, risk advisory, tax and other related services spanning multiple industries. The parent company of this network is Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (DTTL), a UK private company that started as an international accounting firm, and today is also one of the world s largest consulting firms. DTTL has a global network

Sexual Harassment And Anti Feminist Backlash On The Internet

Sexual Harassment and Anti-Feminist Backlash on Social Media In her article â€Å"A Woman’s Place is on the Internet,† Rebecca Mead notes that â€Å"if we have gone a long distance toward disproving the notion that a woman’s place is in the home, we are still discouragingly far from it being widely understood and accepted that a woman’s place might, safely, be online† (Mead, â€Å"A Woman’s Place is on the Internet†). Mead’s call for safety for women online speaks to the persistent misogyny and sexual harassment many women face on the Internet, and importantly, underscores the potential for feminist voices to make positive change for women on the Internet. However, the Internet is often a dangerous place for women who speak out about gender inequality. These issues are important to consider as Emma A. Jane argues, â€Å"on-line hostility is getting more prevalent, it is getting uglier, and it has a number of gendered character istics† (â€Å"Your a Ugly, Whorish Slut† 534). Our experiences of Internet, then, are certainly marked by gender dynamics, gender norms, and gender hierarchies. The sexual harassment directed at female Internet users reflects an unequal power balance between users on the basis of gender: women are harassed on the Internet in sexually explicit and violent ways because of their gender identity. Additionally, sexual harassment directed at women who are publicly feminists and using the Internet as a means to assert their feminist viewpoints reveals that the Internet is not justShow MoreRelatedViolence Is The Single Most Visible Marker Of Manhood, By Michael S. Kimmel1607 Words   |  7 Pagescontinues to note that in order to be seen as â€Å"manly,† men are conditioned to â€Å"Always be prepared to demonstrate sexual interest in the women that [they] meet, so it is impossible for any woman to get the wrong idea about [them]. In this sense, homophobia, the fear o f being perceived as gay, as not a real man, keeps men exaggerating all the traditional rules of masculinity, including sexual predation with women† (37). With these points in mind, we can read men who sexually harass women online as workingRead MoreFeminist Analysis : A Woman s Motivation Essay3024 Words   |  13 Pages these women were consumer driven, and sex positive, but most importantly they were fiercely independant. Second wave feminism focused mainly on women’s social and political roles. Second wave feminism was born in the early sixties almost as a backlash or breaking point after the synthetic ‘sunshine and bubblegum’ attitude of the fifties. Women’s magazines had shifted from the fiery, racus, and mildly scandalous, and incredibly progressive magazines of the twenties to dull, family-centric affairsRead MoreThe Traditional Media Is A Mixed Blessing For Feminists3028 Words   |  13 Pagesblessing for feminists; on one hand, they educate the American public about issues like wife-beating and the gender gap, and on the other, both synthesize feminism into a homogenous mold and reinforce â€Å"post-feminist† repudiation of feminist wins. Traditional mass communications impose a gender dualism that made no room for gray - â€Å"bad† feminism versus â€Å"good† masculine norm - ignore marginal (feminist) voices, distort feminism, and delimit the s pread of feminist principles (Beck 140). Media backlash typicallyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas

Code of Ethics Paper Free Essays

American Nurses Association Code of Ethics Erin Griffin HCS 435 Monday April 12, 2010 Bob Vella Code of Ethics Code of Ethics in Nursing is important to follow by so that staff and patients are treated with up most respect and dignity. The definition of Code of Ethics of nursing is a guide for an individual or group to follow in making decisions regarding ethical issues (Health Line Site, 2010). â€Å"What is the description of the Code of Ethics for Nurses? † â€Å"What are the ethical principles of the Code of Ethics in Nursing? â€Å"How do the grievance procedures work? † â€Å"Is the Code of Ethics of Nursing feasible of enforcing either part of the code or the entire code? † â€Å"Do I have any recommendations for strengthening potential weak areas of the codes as written? † â€Å"What is the description of the Code of Ethics for Nurses? † Ethics are the principles that guide an individual, group, or profession in conduct. We will write a custom essay sample on Code of Ethics Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nurses do make independent decisions regarding patient care; they are still responsible to the profession in how those decisions are made. Florence Nightingale wrote of specific issues of conduct and moral behavior. The Nightingale pledge that was composed in 1893 by nursing instructor Lystra Gretter includes the vow, â€Å"To abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous and will not take or knowingly administer any harmful drug†, (Health Line, 2010). Nursing has evolved into a very complex professional field over the years. Nurses at the present time are faced with life and death decisions, sometimes on an hourly basis. â€Å"What are the ethical principles of the Code of Ethics in Nursing’? The Code of Ethics of Nursing has nine different provisions to follow. Here is a list of the following provisions of the Code of Ethics of Nursing from the American Nurses Association website: 1. The nurse, in all professional relationships, practice with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems. 2. The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group or community. . The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient. 4. The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse’s obligation to provide optimum patient care. 5. The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence, and to continue personal and professional growth. 6. The nurse participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving health care environments and conditions of employment conducive to the provision of quality health care and consistent with the values of the profession through individual and collective action 7. The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge development. 8. The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and public in promoting community, national, and international efforts to meet health needs. . The profession of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulation nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice, and for shaping social policy. â€Å"How do the grievance procedures work†? How grievances are processed is outlined in the CBA. CBA stands for collective bargaining agreement. The CBA determines how and with whom a grievance must be filed, and the time limits within which the grievance must be filed and advanced to subsequent levels. Depending on the contract, the grievance is usually initially â€Å"filed† in writing. However, some contracts allow for, or require, an informal verbal attempt at resolution before the grievance may be filed in writing. At the initial grievance â€Å"step,† a meeting is usually held. At this meeting, the aggrieved employee, represented by the union, and the employer, represented by a manager, has an opportunity to present their arguments for and against the grievance to a decision-maker. Who the ecision-maker is at each step is determined by the CBA. If the grievance is upheld, the awarded remedy is implemented by the parties. If the grievance is denied, the grievance may be appealed to the next â€Å"step† in the grievance procedure. At each subsequent step of the grievance procedure, the meeting is generally attended by a correspondingly higher level of management. In addition, the employee may initially be represented by a local grievance representative and r epresented by union staff at later stages of the grievance procedure. At each step of the grievance process, the grievance meeting also tends to become more formal, with more rules governing the meeting. The number of steps in the grievance procedure is also determined by the CBA. A grievance may be settled at any step. Under most CBA’s, the settlement becomes precedent, meaning that the settlement will be used in future grievance meetings to interpret the contract, unless the union and employer agree that the settlement will not serve as precedent. Most grievance procedures end in final and binding arbitration. This is the final step in the grievance procedure. At this step, an outside neutral third party, called an arbitrator, determines whether to uphold the grievance and what remedy to award, if any at all. The arbitrators’ decision and award becomes precedent. If the employer refuses to implement the arbitrator’s award, the union may seek court enforcement of the award, or file an unfair labor practice with the National Labor Relations Board. With the threat of final and binding arbitration, the grievance has proven to be a valuable tool, shielding and enforcing nurses’ rights (Johnson, 2006). Is the Code of Ethics of Nursing feasible of enforcing either part of the code or the entire code? † I think that the Code of Ethics of Nursing is feasible of enforcing either part of the code or the entire code because it is moral and respectable to the staff as well as the patients the nursing staff is in charge of. The code of ethics is like a Bible for nurses to go by to make their jobs easier and appreciable. Do I have any recommendations for strengthening potential weak areas of the codes as written? † I do not have any recommendations for strengthening potential weak areas of the code as written. The code is well put together and does not miss any areas that should be covered. I feel that it is a well rounded code of ethics for the nursing staff nationally and internationally to follow. The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics is important to follow by so that staff and patients are treated with up most respect and dignity. The definition of Code of Ethics of nursing is a guide for an individual or group to follow in making decisions regarding ethical issues (Health Line Site, 2010). References Wilkins, Gayle G. (2002). Code of Ethics for Nurses. Retrieved from http://www. healthline. com on April 07, 2010 Unknown. (2010). Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements. Retrieved from http://www. nursingworld. org. Retrieved on April 06, 2010. Johnson, Alice. (April, 2006). Grievance 101: Understand The Process and Purpose of The Grievance Procedure. Retrieved from http://www. findarticles. com on April 05, 2010. How to cite Code of Ethics Paper, Papers

The Harlem Renaissance and a New Cultural Identity free essay sample

Brilliant and any other synonyms of these qualities Originally known as the New Negro Movement, the Harlem Renaissance was a period of immense social activity and great innovations among artist and writers. The movements name is derived from its origin; Harlem New York. At this time Harlem became the Mecca to which scholars, writers, musicians and photographers traveled. African American migration to the northern states played a major role in the initiation of this intellectual movement which harbored and preserved a new black cultural identity in multiple aspects.Prolific writers such as Longs Hughes influenced many poets. The improvisation of Jazz and Its syncopated rhythms was popularized by Jazz legends such as Duke Elongating and Louis Armstrong. The Harlem Renaissance began in the late sasss after World War II. However much of the foundation of this movement was established by earlier generations of African American educators, students, and Intellectuals. We will write a custom essay sample on The Harlem Renaissance and a New Cultural Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the decades following the Civil War, multiple racial barriers to education were removed and African Americans took advantage of the new educational opportunities In prodigious numbers.Due to the harsh aspects of the Jim Crow laws In the south (which contained approximately 90 percent of the Black population at the time) and the discrimination and mistreatment that followed, African American Individuals migrated to the urban northern states to escape the oppressive system of the rural south where they were able to find work. Some of the most prominent works created during this era were In the field of literature. Longs Hughes was the epitome of prolific writers and a leader of the Harlem Renaissance. He Is best known for his pomes which he wrote with the Hitachi pattern of Jazz and blues which Influenced many poets.Hughes first book of poetry, The Weary Blues, was published In 1926. The book was very popular and established both his poetic style and his commitment to black themes and culture. Hughes skillful use of words to portray African American heritage played a major role during this era. No aspect of the Harlem Renaissance shaped the United States as much as Jazz. Jazz flouted many musical conventions with Its syncopated rhythms and Improvised Instrumental solos. Thousands of city dwellers flocked night after Holiday popularized blues and Jazz vocals.Duke Elongating and Louis Armstrong drew huge audiences as white Americans caught Jazz fever. For the first time white Americans could not look away. The Harlem Renaissance was a major period In American history. The northward migration by African Americans to escape white movement. Its origin Harlem, brought notice to great works that might have otherwise been lost. Writers of this era such as Longs Hughes were extremely influential and Jazz legends Duke Elongating and Louis Armstrong took this form of art characterized by improvisation and syncopation to new levels of innovation.

Jane Austen Quotes Essays - Jane Austen, English People,

Jane Austen Quotes The following is from The Explicator, a subscription journal available through Herricks research databases: Jane Austen's irony is endlessly challenging to those of us who like to grasp just how an author achieves distinctiveness and who then want to tell others what we think we have found. No slight part of her ironic effect stems from her use of the free indirect style (style indirect libre), as Graham Hough,(FN1) among others, has shown. The quote below is from Studies in English Literature, another journal available through Herricks research databases: If Marianne's later walks at Cleveland do receive a faintly satirical treatment, it is not because she seeks out the nocturnal sublime, but because she cultivates it at the expense of prudence--and even then the judgment hinges on the issue of degree. After all, even the poets of sensibility contemplate the effects of rain from a distance, as when, in the Ode to Evening, William Collins takes refuge in a hut. Heres a little Jane Austen biography stolen from the Gale Group: Jane Austen was born in 1775 at Steventon, in the south of England, where her father was rector of the parish. She was the seventh of eight children in an affectionate and high-spirited family. In 1801 she moved to Bath with her father, her mother, and her only sister, Cassandra. Heres the beginning blurb from a paper available at www.megaessays.com. Unfortunately, I didnt want to pay $15 to see the whole essay. Jane Austen has attracted a great deal of critical attention in recent years. Many have spoken out about the strengths and weaknesses of her characters, particularly her heroines. Austen has been cast as both a friend and foe to the rights of women. English Essays

Computers and Multimedia Applications essays

Computers and Multimedia Applications essays Multimedia is nothing new. The nature of human communication has always involved "multimedia." We hear, speak, write, draw, make gestures, play music, and act out our thoughts and feelings to one another. We have enjoyed multimedia presentations since our childhood through film, television, and, more recently, videotape, videodisc, and digital video disc. These have all involved analog media. What makes recent developments in multimedia new and exciting is that we can now deal with these various media in a digital format. The digital format allows manipulation, sharing, and merging of data in ways that analog cannot. For example, writers can incorporate digital images into a word processing document. They can record and edit sounds to link with images or text, permitting the data types to serve multiple purposes with a minimum of reworking. Users can program the computer to seek files randomly, to store these different files digitally, just as any computer file. They can edit t his information, eliminating unnecessary parts, transforming them, or adding alternative data or special effects – all without expensive postproduction. Multimedia evokes different images depending on the listener or the reader's understanding. Multimedia is defined as an interactive computer-mediated presentation that includes at least two of the following elements: text, sound, still graphic images, motion graphics, and animation (Theoretical Foundations of Multimedia. Robert S. Tannenbaum (c. 1998)). Even the unabridged edition of The World Book Dictionary (c. 1990) leaves room for interpretation by defining the term as "using a combination of various media." Some people understand "multimedia" to mean the use of two or more types of media in the same product. We know that CD-ROMS (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) can store virtually any type of digitized information. If we can digitize the data, we can also store it on a CD-ROM just like any othe...

Prevention of HIV among black African men under 30s in UK Essay - 1

Prevention of HIV among black African men under 30s in UK - Essay Example To communicate effectively, Health promotion and communication theory is the most idea since besides passing the message, it gives the health advantages of the campaign, detailing the most preferred ways of prevention. The high rates of HIV among black men shows that they need to adopt behavior change in order to reduce the high risk of infection. The efficiency of campaigns on behavior change e among these individuals will depend on several factors. These factors are evident from the health belief model. Effective communication should target on ensuring that the target perceives the threat of HIV realistically. This will involve an understanding that an individual is susceptible to the disease. In addition, these men should realize the severity of the disease. HIV management has severe consequences that include economical strains and social stigma. Black men realizing the severity of the matter are likely to conform to behavior change reducing their risk of infection. However, majority of the men in the group of men below thirty years perceive a very low risk of transmitting HIV and hinders preventing measures (Owuor, 2009). The perception of the barriers involved in attaining behavior change is critical in determining whether an individual can overcome the barriers and adopt a responsible sexual behavior. Some youth claim that barriers to behavior change involve the reduction of enjoy ability of sex. For majority of black men below the age of thirty, this is a limiting factor to consistent practice of protected sex. In addition, the societal view of condom use and the portrayal of enjoyment of sex without condoms in mass media hinder the target group from effective behavior change. The commonness of HIV with this group is due to the increase of homosexuality. Most of the homosexuals have not adopted any behavior changes despite the high prevalence. The efficiency of prevention will be determined by

Photography and Consumer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Photography and Consumer Culture - Essay Example (Lury 2011, p.112-119). Consumer culture propagators believe that the buying and selling of goods and services is a cultural activity, affected by the cultural perceptions of people and not just the economical and political factors (London & stone 2012, p.298-306). By saying so, we mean that what effects one individual affects the whole cultural community. In other words, we can say that consumer culture is strongly influenced by consumerism; this concept promotes that the desire for goods generates and fosters the bases of a social and economical culture. This theory of consumer culture believes that social cultures are based on the demand of goods and services in a particular community. This joint demand of commodities brings together the people of a geographic area and ties them in a community. Consumer culture is tightly bound with advertising and globalization since the limitation of geographical boundaries has been rendered useless by the integration of world markets. To unders tand it better we must look at the features of consumer culture: 1. The founding idea of the concept is that people’s identities are defined by the commodities that they own and the services they can afford to purchase. 2. It bases on the premise that the attainment of happiness is dependent on the accumulation of things and objects. 3. Leisure time is also an important factor in consumer culture; the free time in which people go and shop the products/commodities which define their status. People are tied together in a culture through the products they own and the services they utilize. This concept is particularly useful in marketing and advertising where creating an ad for every individual in the target market will be impossible and very expensive, consumer culture concepts lets marketers create an ad that grabs the attention of a large market share (London & stone 2012, p.298-306). A point to be considered here is that although an individual may belong to a culture but he/ she also has some individual opinions, thoughts, and way of perceiving things and objects. So what should an ad comprise of to generate the desired results in all consumers, or at least in a major segment of the target market? Taking a look at our ad, the happiness factory ad shows explicit and colorful images to support and strengthen its underlying message so as to attract the attention of its target audience immediately. The ad is different in its creativity and approach; it is not saying anything, there are no words used, but still the message is loud and clear and evokes the desired results. It explicitly indicates a way of living, a particular and differentiated life style that is only for those people who drink coca cola. What coca cola is trying to do is create a culture, a brand tribe of coca cola across the world, in all areas where coco cola is operating. It wants to create the impression that people who drink coca cola are united by a unique experience that others are fa r too unlucky to get or understand. (Wolman 2006, p.48-57) They want to convey the idea that coco cola delivers

Urban tourism in East end London, a case of Spitalfield Market Research Paper

Urban tourism in East end London, a case of Spitalfield Market - Research Paper Example The development of tourism destinations worldwide has been resulted because of the increase of competition in the tourism and hospitality sector. The efforts made by governments and organizations of the private sector for the support of the tourism industry worldwide are characterized by the following trend: innovation is promoted while emphasis is given on sites and activities that are likely to result not just to economic but also to social benefits.The value of urban tourism within the global market cannot be denied,not all urban tourism destinations manage to respond to the requirements of their role. Spitalfield Market has been initially established in order to cover the needs of the local community for a Street Market. Moreover, issues like sustainability have become an indispensable part of the policies developed in the particular sector. Current paper focuses on a particular sector of the tourism industry: the urban tourism. Reference is made to a well – known Spitalfi eld Market in East London. The potential role of this Market as an urban tourism destination is critically examined using existing literature but also an appropriately customized survey. The findings of the literature and the empirical research lead to common assumptions: Spitalfield Market has many elements that could justify its characterization as an urban tourism destination; however, it is clear that the specific Market does not fully meet the requirements of urban tourism destinations... The sites of cities, which can be chosen as urban tourism destinations are not standardized. In accordance with Law (1993) urban tourism is more related to entrepreneurial activities; this means that when having to choose among urban tourism destinations, the one which is related to specific business or industrial activity should be more aligned with the requirements of urban tourism destination (Law 1993 in Selby 2004, 11). In the form described above, urban tourism can be used in combination with other forms of tourism – especially the cultural tourism – so that the expected benefits for the local community to be increased (Wahab et al 1997, 215). On the other hand, Hall (2005) notes that the primary reason for the establishment of urban tourism has been the need for the achievement of specific economic benefits for cities worldwide (Hall 2005, 196); thus, when similar initiatives are undertaken, it is necessary that their economic benefits – referring to econo mic benefits for the communities involved - are taken into consideration. 3. Urban tourism in East end London – Spitalfield Market 3.1 Current role of Spitalfield Market as a destination of urban tourism In order to identify the potential role of SpitalField Market as a destination of urban tourism it would be necessary to refer primarily to the Market’s characteristics – structure and facilities. Moreover, it would be important to describe briefly the products available in the particular Market; the range and the types of these products could be used in order to prove the value of the Market for promoting products of specific qualities/ variety. In accordance with a recent

Inter-Professional Education, Working and Learning

Inter-Professional Education, Working and Learning What do you understand by the terms inter professional education (IPE), inter professional working (IPW) and enquiry based learning (EBL)? Discuss the potential benefits and difficulties associated with them The modern NHS is constantly evolving and arguably has done so since its inception. This evolution has been on many different levels. In this essay we shall consider some of the changes in the professional working and learning practices of the nurse with consideration of the topics of inter professional education (IPE), inter professional working (IPW) and enquiry based learning (EBL). We shall consider each in turn and then examine its relevance to modern day practice. Interprofessional education (IPE), IPE has been defined in a number of ways. One of the most complete is: The application of principles of adult learning to interactive, group-based learning, which relates collaborative learning to collaborative practice within a coherent rationale which is informed by understanding of interpersonal, group, inter-group, organisational and inter-organisational relations and processes of professionalisation. (Gough D.A et al. 2003) When reading the literature on the subject, one quickly becomes aware that there are a number of commonly used terms that are virtually synonymous with IPE, and contribute to the â€Å"semantic quagmire† referred to in the McPhearson paper (discussed later) that surrounds terms such as multi-disciplinary learning and multi-professional education. (Scottish Office 1998). In broad terms they describe the process whereby two (or more) professions or disciplines come together for the purposes of learning (Jackson, N et al. 2004). The important functional features of such a system are not that the individuals concerned learn the same material together but that there is a learning both about and from each other to improve collaboration and the overall quality of care provided and it is this latter feature which distinguishes the term IPE from the rest of the group mentioned earlier. (NCIHE 1997) The emergence of multidisciplinary teamwork and the seamless interface concepts (Yura H et al. 1998) have highlighted the need for smoother integration of both processes and knowledge (as well as other less tangible concepts such as mutual respect and understanding) between the caring professions. (CAIPE 1997) Quite apart from the ideological requirement for such processes to be adopted, we note that there is an increased pressure of guidances coming from central sources, primarily the Dept. of Health, that specify IPE as essential to the task of healthcare professionals and also a number of enquiry reports (such as the Kennedy report and other in the field of child abuse and mental health such as the Laming inquiry (2003)) that have highlighted the need for strengthening both IPE and interprofessional working Interprofessional Working (IPW) IPW is, to a large extent, a direct and natural consequence from the adoption of the concepts of IPE. (Molyneux J 2001). In essence, it describes the process of healthcare professionals collaborating in working together more effectively to improve the quality of patient care thereby allowing for both flexible and coordinated services and a skilled and responsive workforce. (McNair R et al. 2001). We should note that the adoption of IPW is seen as a key element in the optimum working of multidisciplinary team working which allows healthcare professionals to work competently and confidently across previously defined professional boundaries and it enables effective role substitution (Finch J et al. 2000) Enquiry based learning (EBL) This is essentially a description of a process of learning that is driven by a process of enquiry. It is complementary to the process of project based learning (PBL) which is determined by the end point of the solution of a problem and usually requires the creation of a finished product such as a project report or a dissertation. EBL is characterised by deep involvement and engagement with a complex problem and incorporates structures and forms of support which can help the student carry out their enquiries and can cover a broad spectrum of different approaches. The characteristic feature of this type of structured learning is that the tutor establishes the topic and the student then pursues their own lines of enquiry, both seeking evidence to support their views and also taking responsibility to present this evidence appropriately. In the words of Barrett: It promotes personal research†¦ the student becomes familiar with the multifarious resources at their disposal such as e-journals and databases. There is the opportunity to support one another in research and explore different avenues of information. The whole experience becomes one of interchange where students can share opinions, research and experience to achieve an end result. (Barrett et al. 2005) Collaborative working In essence, the forgoing paragraphs all come under the over-reaching concept of collaborative working. This is not an isolated academic concept, it is a very practical one. The literature on the subject is very informative. If we consider a number of specific examples from recent journals, we can cite the paper by Rogowski (J A et al. 2001) which produced an ingenious design of study to assess the degree to which a number of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) could make improvements in both the quality of care and also the economic functioning of their departments by embracing the concept of collaborative multidisciplinary working. Ten NICUs adopted the collaborative multidisciplinary working model and their outcomes were compared with nine â€Å"controls† who did not. The paper is both long and complex and the analysis is exhaustive but, in essence, the authors concluded that such collaborative working practices could certainly achieve cost savings (which were comparativel y easy to quantify). They noted that these were certainly obtainable in the short term and most were sustainable in the long term. They also commented on the improvements in the quality of care parameters (which were much harder to quantify). There was an improvement in a number of indices of quality of care including patient (parent) satisfaction levels, staff satisfaction levels and this was not accompanied by any reduction in clinical outcome. On a wider consideration, one can turn to the paper by Anderson (P et al. 2003) Which describes the WHO’s collaborative survey on the management of alcohol problems in a primary health care setting. The paper starts with the premise that the handling of alcohol-related problems in primary healthcare is poor (and cites many reasons for this). (Aalto, M et al. 2001) . The relevance to our discussions here is that the paper considers the outcomes in this area when such problems are treated by the GP alone and when they are treated by a multidisciplinary primary healthcare team (IPW) and it is clear that the later group has a generally better outcome. These two papers are presented to support the hypotheses that IPW and collaborative working are not simply new mechanisms without foundation or substance, they are a demonstration of their ability to work in a practical field. If we now consider the benefits and shortcomings of IPE and IPW within the context of the modern NHS, we note that there is not only a consideration of the benefits of IPW between the various healthcare professional’s specialties but some authors also call for IPW between those healthcare professionals who work in primary healthcare teams and those who work in a hospital setting. The current structure of the NHS is such that hospital based practitioners tend to train, work, and have their horizons limited by the confines of the hospital environment. When the patient leaves this environment they become â€Å"someone else’s problem† and the care is then taken over by another team of healthcare professionals. Parsell ( G, et al. 1998) calls for both IPE and IPW to accommodate this rather artificial divide and to educate healthcare professionals into the consideration that it is the patient who is the constant factor and that considerable levels of collaborative work ing are required to provide optimum levels of patient care. A more recent paper by McPherson (K et al. 2001) takes this argument a stage further. It is both analytical and well written and the authors have an impressive pedigree (two professors of medicine and a lecturer in health administration). The paper puts education at the centre of the modernisation debate They make the very pertinent observation: Most health needs require the collaboration of a group of health professionals. The professionals involved may work together in the same space or be scattered throughout several hospital departments or sectors of care. Whether or not the caregivers see themselves as part of a team, each patient depends on the performance of the whole. The paper then makes a number of analyses form both practical experience of the authors and the current literature. They suggest that, in order to work well a work group or team should have the following characteristics: Clear aim: shared understanding of goals. Clear processes: knowledge of (and respect for) others contributions, good communication, conflict management, matching of roles and training to the task. (Headrick L A et al. 1998) Flexible structures that support such processes: skilled staff, appropriate staffing mix, responsive and proactive leadership that emphasises excellence, effective team meetings, documentation that facilitates sharing of knowledge, access to needed resources, and appropriate rewards. (Firth-Cozens J 2000) The authors cite an impressive and persuasive evidence base that IPW and collaborative working have been demonstrated to produce patient benefit in a number of specific areas including reduced mortality for the elderly. (Rubenstein L Z et al. 1991), morbidity after CVA (Langhorne P et al. 2001) and mortality after CABG (OConnor G T et al. 1996) to mention just three. Despite these clear and demonstrable benefits, the authors make the point that IPW is not just something that happens when professional training is completed, it should ideally be considered as part of a continuum of learning starting with the pre-qualification experience, continuing into postgraduate education, and extending into continuing professional development. They make a call (which has been echoed by many others viz. CGME 2000) for learning in the field of healthcare to be about healthcare as a whole, rather than a series of disjointed â€Å"chapters† in order to help the developing healthcare professionals to acquire a deeper understanding of the processes of care and also to prepare the professionals to be in a better position to contribute to the development of a better system in the fullness of time One of the impediments to a wholehearted embracing of these concepts is perhaps a clinging onto the older concepts of trying to blur boundaries between what a nurse and a doctor might do or perhaps how an occupational therapist or a psychologist might approach management issues. It seems to be a fundamental issue that need to collectively understand the different ways of thinking and problem solving that the different specialties require so that the different skills and knowledge bases can be combined in a way that benefits patients. (Koppel I et al. 2001) Part of the requirement of the writing of this essay is to reflect on the experiences gained in the EBL group work and the learning derived from the research for this essay. Gibbs reflective model is ideal for this purpose. The descriptive elements are largely contained within this essay and, in addition, my experiences within the various groups. It has to be said that the groups that I was involved with were largely harmonious and entered into the various learning exercises in a spirit of self-help. I am aware however, that a number of the other groups did not share this experience and I have been told about a number of heated discussions that apparently tool place within these other groups. My feelings are that instinctively I find the former more conducive to a positive learning experience. Although it can be useful to enter into a heated debate on a subject, it rarely helps to persuade you to a different point of view. (Taylor, E. 2000). The evaluation of the episode was that it gave me a personal insight into how other healthcare professionals consider and manage problems in their own sphere and, as such, I feel that I have learned a great deal and formed a deeper understanding of their perceptions and knowledge of certain issues. In terms of what I might have done differently, I believe that I was able to assimilate a great deal of useful information from these groups which will almost certainly help me in my professional career. On reflection, I think that I was not as vociferous as I might have been in putting my own viewpoint forward, and it occurred to me that the other healthcare professionals in the group may therefore not have had the same opportunity to assimilate my particular viewpoints and opinions and may therefore have been disadvantaged by this. (Palmer 2005). It is certainly clear to me that there is considerable benefit to be obtained in both IPE and IPW and the mechanism of EBL is a valuable tool to obtaining that benefit. In terms of a discrete action plan, I have every intention of engaging as fully as I can in any further measures in this regard and will try to make my own viewpoint available for others to assess and assimilate as actively as I have tried to assess and assimilate theirs. (Van Manen, M. 1997). I feel that this is a positive step in making all of us more fully professional and able to contribute more fully to the healthcare systems that we will eventually work in. References Aalto, M., Pekuri, P. and Seppa K. (2001)  Primary health care nurses and physicians attitudes, knowledge and beliefs regarding brief intervention for heavy drinkers.  Addiction 96 : 305–311 Anderson P, Eileen Kaner, Sonia Wutzke, Michel Wensing, Richard Grol, Nick Heather, and John Saunders 2003 ATTITUDES AND MANAGEMENT OF ALCOHOL PROBLEMS IN GENERAL PRACTICE: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON FINDINGS OF A WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE SURVEY Alcohol Alcohol., November/December 2003 ; 38 : 597 601. Barrett T, MacIbrahim I, Fallon H (eds) 2005  Handbook of enquiry and problem based learning  Galaway : CELT 2005 CAIPE (1997)  Interprofessional Education A Definition.  CAIPE Bulletin. No. 13, 19. CGME 2000  Council on Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice. Collaborative education to ensure patient safety: report to US Department of Health and Human Services and Congress. A Report on a Joint COGME-NACNEP meeting and implications of the IOM Report. Washington, DC: Health Resources and Services Administration, 2000 : 9–18. Finch J, May C Mair F et al 2000  Interprofessional education and teamworking: a view from the education providers.  British Medical Journal 321 : 1138-40. Firth-Cozens J. 2001  Multidisciplinary teamwork: the good, bad, and everything in between.  Quality in Health Care 2001 ; 10 : 65–6. Gibbs, G 1988  Learning by doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning methods EMU Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. 1988 Gough D.A., Kiwan D., Sutcliffe K., Simpson D. Houghton N. (2003).  A systematic map and synthesis review of the effectiveness of personal development planning for improvement student learning  London : EPPICentre, Social Science Research Unit. 2003 Headrick L A, Wilcock O M, Batalden P B. 1998  Interprofessional working and continuing medical education.  British Medical Journal 1998 ; 316 : 771–4 Jackson, N. Ward, R. 2004  A fresh perspective on progress files. A way of representing complex learning and achievement in higher education  Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education Vol. 29 : No. 4, August 2004. Koppel I, Barr H, Reeves S, et al. 2001  Establishing a systematic approach to evaluating the effectiveness of interprofessional education.  Issues in Interdisciplinary Care 2001 ; 3 : 41–9. Laming, Lord. 2003  The Victoria Climbie inquiry: report of an inquiry by Lord Laming.  London: The Stationery Office. 2003 Langhorne P, Duncan P. 2001  Does the organization of postacute stroke care really matter?  Stroke 2001 ; 32 : 268–74. McNair R, Brown R Stone N et al (2001)  Rural interprofessional education: promoting teamwork in primary health care education and practice.  Australian Journal of Rural Health 9 : s19-s26. McPherson K, L Headrick, and F Moss 2001 Working and learning together: good quality care depends on it, but how can we achieve it? Qual. Health Care, Dec 2001 ; 10 : 46 53. Molyneux, J. (2001)  Interprofessional teamworking:what makes teams work well?  Journal of interprofessional care. vol. 15. (1) p29-35. NCIHE 1997  The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997) Higher education in the learning society : Report of the National Committee of Inquiry into higher Education  London : HMSO. 1997 OConnor G T, Plume S K, Olmstead E M, et al. 1996  A regional intervention to improve the hospital mortality associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. JAMA 1996 ; 275 : 841–6  Palmer 2005  In Learning about reflection from the student Bulpitt and Martin Active Learning in Higher Education. 2005 ; 6 : 207-217.  Parsell G and J Bligh 1998 Interprofessional learning Postgrad. Med. J., Feb 1998 ; 74 : 89 95. Rogowski J A, Jeffrey D. Horbar, Paul E. Plsek, Linda Schuurmann Baker, Julie Deterding, William H. Edwards, James Hocker, Anand D. Kantak, Patrick Lewallen, William Lewis, Eugene Lewit, Connie J. McCarroll, Dennis Mujsce, Nathaniel R. Payne, Patricia Shiono, Roger F. Soll, and Kathy Leahy 2001 Economic Implications of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Collaborative Quality Improvement Pediatrics, Jan 2001 ; 107 : 23 29. Rubenstein L Z, Stuck A E, Siu A L, et al. 1991  Impacts of geriatric evaluation and management programs on defined outcomes: overview of the evidence.  J Am Geriatr Soc 1991 ; 39 : 8–16S ; discussion 17–18S. Scottish Office (1998)  Higher Education for the 21st Century: Response to the Garrick Report.  London: HMSO. 1998 Taylor, E. (2000).  Building upon the theoretical debate: A critical review of the empirical studies of Mezirow’s transformative learning theory.  Adult Education Quarterly, 48 (1) , 34-59. Van Manen, M. (1997)  Linking Ways of Knowing with Ways of being Practical.  Curriculum Inquiry 6 (3) , 205-228. Yura H, Walsh M. 1998  The nursing process. Assessing, planning, implementing, evaluating. 5th edition. Norwalk, CT: Appleton Lange, 1998. ################################################################ 19.11.06 Word count 3,069 PDG.

Technology and Older Adults Essay -- Research Age Essays

Technology and Older Adults It is commonly believed that older people are uncomfortable with new forms of technology and that they are more resistant to using technology than are younger people. This belief often places older people at a disadvantage, because designers fail to consider older people as a potential user group when designing technology, both software and hardware (Parsons, Terner, & Kersley, 1994). Another misconception is that the elderly are unable to learn new skills. Older people are frequently overlooked when opportunities for technology training or retraining are made available, however, a study of aging and cognitive abilities concluded that decreases in intelligence are modest until people reach their eighties. Even at the age of 80, fewer than half of the individuals showed measurable decreases (Holt, 1998). And still another misconception is the belief that the elderly are set in their ways, that they are not open to change or capable of creativity. Research, again, has disproved suc h claims, showing that creativity is a personality trait and does not depend upon age (Ibid.). What then has led to these public misconceptions? Part of the problem could be a trait called cautiousness. Cautiousness in older adult problem-solving is "one of the most frequently mentioned performance-limiting factors" and is described as a "hesitancy about making responses that may be incorrect" (Salthouse, 1991). The research finding is that older adults do not perform as well as younger adults because older adults do not have as much success in solving logical problems, spatial ability problems, inductive reasoning problems, or practical problems. Younger adults tend to show a better performance if the task requi... ...and cautiousness in decision: A review of the literature. Human Development, 19, pp. 220-233. Parsons, H.M., Terner, J., and Kearsley, G. (1994). Design of remote control units for seniors, Experimental Aging Research, 20, pp. 211-218. Salthouse, T. A.. (1991). Theoretical perspectives on cognitive aging, Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. White, Heidi; McConnell, Eleanor; Clipp, Elizabeth; Bynum, Louise; Teague, Carmen; Navas, Luis; Craven, Sara; and Halbrecht, Herbert. (1999). Surfing the net in later life: A review of the literature and pilot study of computer use and quality of life. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 18(3), pp. 358-378. Zeithaml, V. A. and Gilly, M. C. (1987). Characteristics affecting the acceptance of retailing technologies: A comparison of elderly and nonelderly consumers, Journal of Retailing, 63, p. 4948.

Love and Sacrifice

Love and Sacrifice Making sacrifices for love and saving love by doing sacrifices can be very difficult. But not for Della and Jim. They would do anything for love. They were poor but they still did anything they could do for each other. They sacrificed their most valuable and prized possessions for each other. Now that’s what I call love. â€Å"Sacrifice is a part of life. It’s supposed to be. It’s not something to regret. It’s something to aspire to. (Mitch Albom) Both Della and Jim sacrifice something they love deeply for an even deeper love, each other. Della sacrificed her hair and would have â€Å"mocked it at her Majesty’s jewels and gifts† (Henry, 99) if she could, it was that valuable to her.But she loved her husband so much she gave her hair up just for him. On the other hand, Jim had a family watch that was so precious to him that if â€Å"King Solomon been a janitor †¦ Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passe d †¦ to see him [King Solomon] pluck his beard from envy. (Henry, 99) Della and Jim loved each other so much they gave up their most beloved items. â€Å"Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting two bodies. † (Aristotle) Della loved Jim so much that when she sold her hair for twenty dollars â€Å"she was ransacking the stores for Jim’s present. † (Henry, 99) She wanted to find the perfect gift for him, so she sold her most prized possession to buy a gold chain for his valuable watch face.Also Della said a very romantic thing to Jim showing how much she loved him. You needn’t look for it [Della’s hair] †¦ it’s sold, I tell you – sold and gone too †¦ Be good to me, for it went for you. † (Henry, 101) When Della said this to Jim it showed how much she really sacrificed her hair just for his love. You don’t need money for love you need to sacrifice. Della and Jim are poor but very in love. So in love, which they gave up their favorite possessions for each other. That is amazing to do something that hard for someone else. That really shows what people will do for love.

The Revolutionary Republic of Iraq essays

The Revolutionary Republic of Iraq essays In ancient times the area now known as modern Iraq was almost equivalent to Mesopotamia, the land between two rivers.2 Mesopotamia was set between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. This area is known as the Cradle of Civilization, because around 4000 B.C. the Sumerian culture thrived. The first written language was developed during the Sumerian culture. After the fall of the Sumerian culture, many different empires invaded and ruled Mesopotamia. Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, modern day Iraq is a country of many diverse ethnicities, religions, and beliefs. Seventy-nine percent of all Iraqi people are Arabic, sixteen percent are Kurdish, three percent are Persian, and two percent are Turkish. The majority of the Iraqi people practice the Muslim religion, while only three percent practice Christianity or another religion. These ethnicities and religions make up a nation of more than 22,000,000 The people of Iraq have a life expectancy of 66.53 years, where the male lives 65.54 years and the female lives 67.56 years. Iraq is ranked 119th in life expectancy. They are ranked 126th in infant mortality rates with a rate of 62.49 deaths for every 1,000 live births. Iraq has a literacy rate of approximately 60%, with the male population having a rate of 70.7% and the female population having a rate of 45%. They are ranked 145th. The Iraqi people speak, read, and write in many different languages. The official language of Iraq is Arabic. Other languages spoken are Kurdish, Assryian, and Armenian. The total land area of Iraq is 422,162 sq. km., with a population density of approximately 122 people per sq. mile. While most Iraqi people live in a desert climate, where the winters are mild and cool, and the summers are hot, dry, and cloudless, along the northern mountainous region they experience cold winters with occasional snow that melts and causes extensive dama...

Free Essays on Obstacle

Obstacle Essay â€Å" You’re such a disappointment!† The horrible phrase one’s mother might reiterate to them over a hundred times after seeing your report card. That guilty feeling in your gut, where your stomach feels achy and you just want to lock yourself in the bathroom to get away from taking responsibility for your own actions. The hate that grows from within for all those times you received phone calls and had â€Å"better things to do,† than doing your homework. I understand, I felt these feelings of the mind shutting off. I’ve felt the embarrassment of being singled out by a teacher in class, and having that warm sensation overcome your face, where your cheeks turn rosy and the brow upon your head consumes with perspiration and drips like a leaky faucet. All because you didn’t do your homework. I must admit, the first two years of high school were hell for me. They were two of the most difficult years I have gone through in my sixteen years of existence. Laziness and slacking off consumed my mind and body. I was the queen of procrastination, but with help and guidance from a great support team I seem to be overcoming my horrible habits, if that’s what you want to call them. I guess I could complain and blame it on the ADD that I was diagnosed with, but that would be way too easy for me to do. I know my ADD has had many influences on the decisions I have made and the way I go about many things, but laziness and slacking off were my doings. I let myself succumb to these nightmares of every student-teacher relationship. When offered extra help while I was struggling in school I was too bold and pig-headed to accept the help that I needed. Instead of asking questions to further my knowledge of class discussion topics, I could be seen in the back of class dozing off, or trying to indulge in a juicy conversation with my neighbor. When exam time in tenth grade came around, I finally had to get my act together. I was... Free Essays on Obstacle Free Essays on Obstacle Obstacle Essay â€Å" You’re such a disappointment!† The horrible phrase one’s mother might reiterate to them over a hundred times after seeing your report card. That guilty feeling in your gut, where your stomach feels achy and you just want to lock yourself in the bathroom to get away from taking responsibility for your own actions. The hate that grows from within for all those times you received phone calls and had â€Å"better things to do,† than doing your homework. I understand, I felt these feelings of the mind shutting off. I’ve felt the embarrassment of being singled out by a teacher in class, and having that warm sensation overcome your face, where your cheeks turn rosy and the brow upon your head consumes with perspiration and drips like a leaky faucet. All because you didn’t do your homework. I must admit, the first two years of high school were hell for me. They were two of the most difficult years I have gone through in my sixteen years of existence. Laziness and slacking off consumed my mind and body. I was the queen of procrastination, but with help and guidance from a great support team I seem to be overcoming my horrible habits, if that’s what you want to call them. I guess I could complain and blame it on the ADD that I was diagnosed with, but that would be way too easy for me to do. I know my ADD has had many influences on the decisions I have made and the way I go about many things, but laziness and slacking off were my doings. I let myself succumb to these nightmares of every student-teacher relationship. When offered extra help while I was struggling in school I was too bold and pig-headed to accept the help that I needed. Instead of asking questions to further my knowledge of class discussion topics, I could be seen in the back of class dozing off, or trying to indulge in a juicy conversation with my neighbor. When exam time in tenth grade came around, I finally had to get my act together. I was...

Military Orders and the Outcomes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Military Orders and the Outcomes - Essay Example Military orders are given to soldiers, but the orders are impact the civilian population as well as the military. From Biblical accounts to Hurricane Katrina, the military has given orders to protect and give their citizens structure. Three examples of military order providing the structure seen in today’s society. Basic training for the military differs all around the world are different. Most militaries drill obeying lawful orders into their recruits. The only exception is if the order is illegal. Osiel (1999: 241) explains â€Å"legal orders must be obeyed. The soldier is routinely punished when they are not. In principal, illegal orders must not be obeyed.† Civilians hold to this theory a little more loosely. Most law abiding citizens will not question an order from a police officer. There are exceptions to this rule, but like basic soldiers most civilians will cooperate with the police. Not all soldiers follow legal orders. An example is Pfc. Bradley Manning. Pfc. Manning leaked classified information to Wikileaks. Pfc. Bradley Manning, who turned 23 last month in the military prison, is accused of the biggest leak of classified documents in American history. He awaits trial on charges that could put him in prison for 52 years, according to the Army. (Shane 2011) Pfc. Manning felt that the American public deserved to know what was really going in Iraq.

Video Analysis 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video Analysis 3 - Essay Example The company prioritizes in delivering the highest quality and service in order to please the customers. For this there are several measures that the company takes. One of these is working closely with mills and manufacturers in order to retain quality of products as well as design. This can also be considered as formulating the bases of a competitive advantage in the way all the products are consistent and specified to cater to customer needs. In addition, all products are tested to guarantee comfort through trails conducted on the local residents, such as â€Å"wear test† and â€Å"fit test† on various types of garments. Furthermore service is a focused aspect of their marketing strategy with guarantees for each product and extensive training to employees to please the customer. Some foreseeable challenges for Lands’ End as far as improvements in its way of organizational buying are concerned have to do with the rapid improvement in technology. The adaptation of this technology not just as part of their operations but also those of their suppliers and manufacturers is a critical measure that they should take in order to ensure overall efficiently and communication. A second challenge has to do with the rapidly changing consumer interests and hence monitoring the marketplace closely. This is followed closely by having a accurate system in place which anticipates the quantities of products which are in high demand. Since instant delivery is a integral part of their system having the right product at the right time is critical for customer

EMPLOYABILITY AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PowerPoint Presentation

EMPLOYABILITY AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT - PowerPoint Presentation Example ime tested advice, advice that have been rediscovered over a period of time often has a good deal of practical value (Hutchings, Sue, &Judy 2002, pg 189). Therefore, I think that this also applies to ways of improving social skill and building solid social network in the future. In summary, this paper will discuss on how to improve social skill and to build solid social network in the future. Improving social skill is significant because it builds a confidence interacting with people as well as, developing strong communication skills that would increase the chance for successful relationships, hence building a solid social network in the future. Social skills can be improved through good communication skills. It is evident that people are not born with good communication skills like any other trial; however, it is learned through error, trials and repeated practice. Presently, social skills have become an integral part of functioning both in communities and organizations. Therefore, displaying good manners, communicating effectively with others and expressing personal needs are all essential components of solid social skills. There are various ways in which social skills can be improved. These include being smart small. For instance, if talking to a crowd of people is a scary proposition, one can start small. This means that, one does not necessarily need to start out by having a long and a meaningful conversation with others, but he/she can simply share a smile with someone. Starting small is significant in increasing a persons’ confidence. The other way of improving social skills is through use and practice. Social skills may be practiced, however, people with anxiety may find this to be a scary prospect. In spite of all these, the good news is that any type of social interaction can help a person to develop his/her skills, which will help them in building a solid social network even in the future. The other way to improve social skills is through observing

American foreign policy Essay Example for Free

American foreign policy Essay Foreign policy refers to the strategies that governments employ to guide their actions towards other countries. The U. S. foreign policy is founded on the principles of democracy and tenets liberalization (Goldstein, 2003). The U. S. foreign policy takes into account issues of human rights, economic growth and development, terrorism and environmental degradation and addresses them as challenges that can best be addressed through democracy in countries and institutions throughout the world (Goldstein, 2003). The U. S. foreign policy has undergone significant transitions that match different historical periods in the world that include the World War I, the World War II, the Cold War, the post Cold War period and the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The United Nations and the United States are arguably the most influential players in the international system as well as in the global political economics as a whole. Having been formed with the main objective of promoting and achieving sustainable peace in the world, the United Nations remains the most dominant and most influential International Governmental Organization in the world (Roberts Kingsbury 1994). In theoretical terms, the fundamental significance of the United Nations as well as the operational challenges faced by the institution are illustrated in the theory of realism which states that â€Å"there is no world government, or political authority above the state, a situation that ultimately reduces the international system to absolute anarchy with the absence of any overarching political body with the capacity to enforce law and order among its members or nation states† (Roberts Kingsbury 1994). The realism theory stresses on the centrality of the state, or nation state as the ultimate political authority in the politics of the international system. As such, the overriding motive of all states is self-preservation through maximization of power, a characteristic that effectively transforms the international system of a war of all against all (Goldstein, 2003). The realism theory further argues that stability is best achieved in the balance of power which can be achieved through increased interactions among states, with the most powerful country playing the role of a balancer (Goldstein, 2003). Today, the U. S. is the most powerful country in the world and has effectively assumed the role of a balancer in the international system, with the United Nations serving as the overarching political body with capacity to enforce law and order among its member states. Domestic Public Attitudes toward Foreign Policy in the United States At the domestic level, the U. S. foreign policy enjoys a lot of support among the citizenry. According to a report by World Public Opinion. org, a strong majority of U. S. citizens support of the U. S. involvement in the world. However, the number of U. S. citizens who feel disgruntled by the country’ foreign policies is growing steadily. The World Public Opinion. org has established that Americans overwhelmingly support the continued leadership role that the U. S. plays in the world. These findings were based on a 2006 GMF poll which indicated that 84 percent of those polled saying it was desirable for the U. S to exert strong leadership affairs, with 43 percent having been quoted as expressing a US global influence as being very desirable, and only 14 percent expressing their concerns about the U. S. global influence. However, the overwhelming support of the U. S foreign policy by its citizenry does support the role of the U. S. in global affairs as a hegemony, but rather supports the idea of shared leadership roles with other players in the international system. A significant segment of the U. S population believes that the U. S security has been threatened by the way the U. S. has been using the threats of military force as leverage in the international system. In a poll conducted by the World Public Opinion. org, 63 percent of the respondents were of the view that the U. S. military threats prompt other countries to be protective by developing and acquiring weapons of mass destruction. In another survey that was carried out in 2003 by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, majority of the U. S. citizens faulted the war in Iraq, with 66 percent of the respondents believing that the war has had negative effects on the relations between the U. S. and the Muslim world. According to the survey, 64 percent of the respondents expressed concerns that the war will not promote democracy in the Middle East while a further 61percent expressed fears that the war will not reduce the threat of terrorism. International Public Attitudes toward Foreign Policy in the United States There has been a growing disdain for the U. S. foreign policy in many countries throughout the world. The September 11 terrorist attacks and the subsequent U. S. war on terror are seen as having particularly caused dramatic shifts in U. S. foreign policy (Grant, 2004). The military operations in Afghanistan that have been ongoing since October 2001 to date and the U. S. invasion of Iraq have taken toll on the image of the United States with people from around the world and those in the Muslim countries in particular showing the lowest ratings for the U. S foreign policy. According to the Pew Global Attitudes Project that is run by the Washington DC based Pew Research Centre, America’s image relative to the country’s foreign policy has dropped immensely over the years. According to the report of the project, the United States is trailing many countries in favorability ratings. Countries such as France, Germany, China and Japan are more popular than the U. S in the European Union countries and Muslim countries. The study showed that while the ratings of the U. S were highest in Asian countries such as India, the favorability ratings of the country dropped by 15 percent in India between 2005 and 2006. The study further indicated that levels of negative attitudes that the populations of Western Europe have towards America are even higher than they were in 2002 before the Iraq invasion. The Pew Global Attitudes Project report also showed low ratings for President George Bush both domestically and internationally, with the confidence in bush to make the right decisions in international affairs having dropped in seven of the eleven countries in 2005 as provided by the data that tracked the trends. The report further indicates a steady slump of rating for George Bush in European countries and among predominantly Muslim populations. George Bush registered the largest slump of ratings in the U. S. from 62 percent in 2005 to 50 percent in 2006. In regard to the War on Terror, the Pew Global Attitudes Project reported an overwhelming decrease in international public support for the U. S led war on terrorism. With Muslim countries having obviously registered the highest levels of criticisms against the war on terror, Spain and Japan also registered almost virtual collapse of support for the counter-terrorism war. As of 2006, the support for war on terror in Spain had reduced to 19 percent from 63 percent in 2003 while Japan registered public support of 26 percent from 61 percent in 2002, according to information provided by the Pew Global Attitudes Project.

Practical Completion and Defects Liability Period

Practical Completion and Defects Liability Period It would be inaccurate for a person, a reader to say they dont feel different inside when they touch a psychical book page in comparison to when they touch an e-reader screen. The feel of a book, its cover, its essence and the text somewhere on the first few pages that says First edition is enough to make any avid reader smile ear to ear. In 2060 though, one would be smart to do away with that smile if youre in public as it could be dangerous and matters do tend to escalate quickly. Salutaris is for those people the ones who love all things about reading physical books, but have to hide it from the rest of society for fear of being harassed physically or mentally. Its for the people who have to live a lie. Objectives of the Project Possible consequences of living a lie of this magnitude for an extended period of time include developing paranoia, thinking your secret may be found out at any time. This may hinder social development and a person may grow socially and emotionally inverted. In severe cases, this can escalate to much worse scenarios. Salutaris seeks to Give these people, the literary folk who have to hide their books and knowledge, a sense of belonging. Give them the freedom to indulge in the books around them without fear of being abused for it. Be a sanctuary. 1.3 Client The client for this project plays the role of the Interior Designer as well- Miss. Zuhdeeya Ghouse 1.4 Client objectives To bring together a group of readers in an unwelcoming future by uniting them using their common interest, in this case physical books, the feel of the pages, the essence of it and the experience. 1.5 Funding of the project Considering the project type, its funding will be in the form of a loan or grant from a financial institution. With the services provided by Salutaris daily, these costs will be paid off efficiently. 1.6 Appointment of designer and other consultants The clients Interior Design firm, Feng. was hired for this project. This being the firms first large scale project, the client hopes to cement their feet in the design industry with this endeavour. This appointment was formalized with an appointment letter from her to the firm. (Refer annexure blah) This project also asks for a number of consultants to deal with different issues such as the old wiring or the building, the structural soundness of the building after years of weather damage, etc. Considering some of the buildings that make up the British Council are over a hundred years old, and the others are a minimum of 70 years, a structural engineer will be needed to assess the buildings and deem them fit to be built on. Quantity Surveyors are required for preparing BOQs, tender evaluation etc. ME engineers as well for lighting, plumbing and HVAC. Also needed is a landscape designer to tend to the once lovely gardens of the old British Council in Colombo. An IT consultant is to be hired as well for the computer systems that are to be installed within Salutaris. A Project Manager is also required for overseeing of the construction with the contractor. 1.7 Scope of Consultancy services Fees The afore mentioned consultants except the project manager, were recommended by the designer and agreed on by the client thus forming a consortium in which all consultants answer to the designer, except for the project manager who is to be hired via the client. The designer receives 10% of the construction fee. The other consultants will be paid as follows (Refer next page please.) Consultant Percentage (%) of fee Mechanical and Electrical Engineer 1% of ME costs (ME costs come up to approx. 30% of construction cost) Structural Engineer 2.5% of total construction cost Quantity Surveyor 1.5% of total construction cost Project Manager 0.7% of total construction cost (Paid directly by client) IT consultant 0.1% of total construction cost Landscape designer 0.5% of total construction cost Table 1. Chapter TWO Brief 2.1 Clients Brief The design should include a spacious library, a restoration room for older documents and a viewing room for them. Budget rooms for writers or any member of the library who may need help because of their reading habits. Small hall area for poetry and book readings/launches. It has to look inconspicuous to the passer by. A good security system there will be no groups of angry people endangering the safety of Salutaris members. Allowance for landscaping. Natural surroundings are needed for relaxation and thought. 2.2 Investigations Context Study The site is surrounded by both residential and commercial buildings. The entrance of Salutaris is situated at the end of a road that branches from Duplication Road one of the busier roads in Colombo with retail shops and restaurants around the area. The back of the building, opens to a residential area and thus security will have to be located at the back to prevent mindless mobs getting onto the premises. 2.3 Site The former British Council in Colombo, currently owned by The British High Commission. 49, Alfred House Gardens, Colombo 3 One of the main features of The British Council that makes it ideal for the project is that it is much smaller than it looks from the outside. When one looks at the British Council from Duplication road, it looks like a small building, but you can only measure its scale when you walk on the grounds of the site itself. The British Council is made up of the original building that was build in 1932, and has had newer buildings put up around it. 2.4 Site Pictures 2.4.1 Buildings of significance around the area Fashion retail store Fashion Bug Restaurants Divine Foods, Cricket Club, Queens cafe Businesses and stores Dialog Telecom office, Raux Brothers, Triumph Head Office Residential structures Queens Court, The Byzantium 2.5 Demography As mentioned in the Project Proposal for Salutaris, after doing surveys and other relevant research, it was concluded that the end user demography for this project will be 12 30 year olds and older folk (aged 55 and above), due to the fact that smaller children may not get permission from their parents to be there and those aged 30 55 may not be able to make time for Salutaris as they need to attend to their families. The main similarity between these people is of course, their passion for reading, and that too of physical material. 2.6 Rules and Regulations During the construction of Salutaris, certain rules and regulations are to be followed, namely: The Fire Safety Regulations by the Fire dept. (Refer annexure blah) The Requirements for Disabled Accessibility by the Ministry of Social Services. [Refer annexure blah] The standards for libraries as in Neufert, Architects Data (Third Edition) (Refer annexure blah) Chapter THREE Pre-contract Stage 3.1 Designers Brief After meeting the client and surveying the site, an accommodation schedule was settled on as follows: A building housing the library of Salutaris. A restoration wing that will house a viewing room for old documents 5 accommodation units with attached bathrooms A reception area Washrooms x 20 Accounts office + printing/photocopying facilities etc. A Multipurpose hall for small events Cafeteria and small kitchen Storage area Staff rooms x 3 Guard room x 2 (Front and back entrance) 3.2 Costing Variety of the Project It was estimated by the quantity surveyor that the project budget would be approximately 48 million LKR and that an approximate price per sqft of this roughly 8000sqft site is 5500-6000 LKR. Costs for the project will be from labour costs, materials and the logistics of getting them onsite. It will also come from overhead expenses and indirect costs. 3.3 Recommendation of Type of Contract There are the types of contracts to consider: The Lump sum contract, in which a fixed sum of money is received for the work done. The Measure-and-Pay contract, in which certain amounts of money are received for each stage of the work. The amounts paid are in line with the percentage of work done on the project. The Time and Material contract. In this arrangement, the client, designer and contractor must agree on an hourly or daily fee. This contract is usually chosen when there are uncertainties about issues like materials availability etc. From the three types of contracts talked about above (lump sum, measure and pay, and time material), considering the scale of the project, the designers preferred contract would be the measure and pay contract. This contract allows for variances and a certain degree of flexibility within the design process for the duration of the project. 3.4 Schematic Design Stage Design Development The designer proceeds to prepare schematic design proposals to give the client and consultants an approximation of the project size and in what direction the project is to go in. If after this has been proposed to the client and she wishes to make any changes, it will be applied in the Detail stage. The design detail stage involves the designer then preparing detail design proposals that will include the changes wanted by the client from the schematic design proposals. (Refer annexure blah) 3.5 Statutory Approval (Local Authority/City Zoning) Authoritative approval is needed for the extension of existing buildings and the building of new ones on site. There will be no new buildings built however, as the client doesnt allow it. As the accommodation schedule features a cafeteria and kitchen, a Food Drink license is required. 3.6 Work Programme So that the client is kept up to date with the work progress, a work program was drawn up. (Refer annexure blah) Chapter FOUR Contract Documentation 4.1 Detail Design Stage A package of architectural and engineering drawings was prepared by the designer in collaboration with the relevant afore mentioned consultants. The package includes numerous plans, sections, elevations, relevant schedules and tear sheets, lighting plans, plumbing/sewage plans, design details, colours and materials. This was cross checked at several stages with the quantity surveyor who confirmed the final package as within the project budget of XXX LKR A bill of Quantities was then prepared with the required consultants and was approved of by the Quantity Surveyor who, with all issues in mind proceeded to draw up the tender document. 4.2 Tender Document The tender document comprised of the following Instruction to Tenderers Form of Tender and Appendix Form of Agreement and Conditions of Contract Specimen form of Performance Bond Specimen form of Advance Payment Guarantee Specification Pricing Preambles Bill of Quantities Schedule of Direct Contractors Schedule of named subcontractors List of drawings 4.2.1 Invitation to Tender An invitation to tender was published in The Daily News and The Sunday Observer on the 5th of April and 7th of April 2060 respectively. The tenderers were given a deadline of the 20th of May 2060. Included in the invitation were instructions to the tenderers and basic information about the project at hand. (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.2 Instructions to Tenderers This is general information to tenderers, including what exactly they should submit, by when they should submit it and how they should give it in. (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.2.1 Confidentiality Agreement Due to the social delicacy of this project, it was decided that any potential tenderer and all consultants should sign a Confidentiality agreement if he/she wants to be considered for the post as if word got out, there will be disturbances during construction in the form of protests etc. (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.3 Conditions of the Contract This includes the detailed terms and conditions for applying for the contract. (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.4 Form of Tender (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.5 Form of Agreement (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.6 General Specifications The general specifications go according to the following documents issued by the ICTAD (Institute for Construction Training And Development) SCA/3/1 Irrigation Land Drainage SCA/3/2 Water supply Sewerage storm water drainage SCA/4/1 II Building works Vol. I II SCA/8 Electrical Mechanical works (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.7 Form of Performance Bank Guarantee Before a contractor can be awarded the contract, he/she has to get a bank guarantee that satisfies the employer of all losses and damages that occur as a result of the contractor not working according to the contract. With this the contractor also confirms he/she has an all risk insurance in case of onsite accidents etc (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.7.1 Specimen Form of Bank Guarantee for Mobilization Advance Payment This is an additional guarantee from the bank, stating that they (the bank) guarantee the advance payment as specified by the employer. (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.8 Appendix to Form of Tender (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.9 Pricing Preambles (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.10 Tender Drawing List (Refer annexure blah) 4.2.11 B.O.Q This document invoices the materials, parts, labour and other costs of the project in question. This BOQ will also contain detailed terms and conditions the construction of the project and any repairs that may need to be made. Such a document exists for the contractor to put a price on the work for which theyre bidding. (Refer annexure blah) Chapter FIVE Tender Procedure 5.1 Invitation for Bids (Refer Page 9, Chapter 4.2.1 Invitation to Tender) 5.2 Pre Tender Meetings A meeting was held before the deadline for tenders to clear any doubts and to answer any questions that the tenderers had regarding the project. Present at this meeting were the designer and relevant consultants, along with the tenderers. 5.3 Tender Period The tender period for this project is from the date of the first invitation (5th April 2060) to the 20th of May 2060. 5.4 Receipt Tender Opening As mentioned above, the deadline for receiving tenders was the 20th of May 2060 and the tenders received by the end of that day were opened on the 23rd of the month in the presence of the designer, quantity surveyor and project manager. The results were as follows (Refer the next page please) T1 xxx million T2 xxx million T3 xxx million T4 xxx million T5 xxx million Where T is Tenderer. (All amounts in LKR) 5.5 Tender Evaluation After much consideration, it was decided that tenderer T3 and T4 were unsuitable for their extreme over estimation of the project costs. Tenderer T2 did not meet the requirements of the invitation to tender and was thus not considered. Tenderer T1s estimation was within range but numerous flaws were discovered in the documents received and they were out of the running. This left tenderer T5 whose estimation was higher than the estimated project cost, but their work was solid and on recalling the contractors past projects, it was found he was most suitable for this project. 5.6 Negotiation Meetings were then held with the contractor, client, project manager, quantity surveyor and designer present to negotiate the bid proposal initially received and thereafter the contractor submitted a revised bid proposal for the project. 5.7 Acceptance of Tender A letter of award was presently sent to tenderer T5 after negotiations took place. (Refer annexure blah) Chapter SIX Contract Administration 6.1 Award of Contract An award of contract letter was prepared for the client to send to tenderer T5 (from now own known as the contractor). This letter states among other things, that the mobilization advance has to be paid by the contractor within the said period after receiving the letter. It states the period of completion for the project and asks for certain documents to be submitted immediately, such as the: Advance guarantee acceptable to the client Workers compensation policy as per current labour regulations Programme of work in a format acceptable to the designer. (Refer annexure blah) 6.2 Bonds and Guarantees These are a form of security in the project for the client and designer from the contractor should anything go wrong. A performance bond is needed to guarantee the satisfactory completion of the project by the contractor. This comes in the form of a surety bond by a bank working with the contractor. The surety bond ensures payment is received by the client from the contractor should anything go against contract specifications on the contractors part. (Refer annexure blah) A contractors all risk policy covers damages to any relevant property during construction of the project and injuries and damage to third party property during construction. (Refer annexure blah) A retention bond is required and states that the contractor will have received his/hers full payment only when the project is signed off as having no off putting issues at the end of construction. (Refer annexure blah) 6.3 Signing of Contract On the 15th of June 2060, the signing of the contract between client and contractor took place after both parties agreed on the numerous terms and conditions mentioned in said contract. Copies of previously mentioned documents are also shared between the two parties. 6.4 Project Planning and Management The contractor will hand in a work programme (Refer annexure blah) that will cover the work thatll be done from the start of the project construction to the end of it. This will be reviewed and either be agreed on by the designer or will have significant changes made to it till both parties are content with the work programme. The project manager will receive regular updates from the contractor on what is happening onsite till the end of construction. 6.5 Handing of Site The award of contract letter should state that the site is to be handed over to the contractor and it is done so, along with the occupational health and safety requirements (Refer annexure blah) to ensure a safe and well oiled construction site. 6.6 Advance Payment At the stage of beginning construction, 80% of the project fees should have been paid to the designer who will in turn give to each consultant a certain percentage of the fee, while keeping a percentage of the contractors fee in accordance with the retention bond. 6.7 Commencement of Work Once the work programme submitted by the contractor is approved by the designer, project manager and other involved consultants, the contractor is given the go to start construction. 6.8 Site Organization This covers numerous topics such as the condition in which the land is given from the client to the contractor; the site should have some sort of temporary lodging for the builders if they are expected to stay onsite. They have to have access to running water and electricity to use their tools etc and for basic hygiene, among other things. Site organization is also considered for the duration of the project in different ways to those mentioned above. These include scheduled or recorded site visits by the project manager or designer and also consist of all related parties being informed on the works progress regularly. 6.9 Monitoring Progress and Site Inspections This will take place in the form of weekly or bi weekly meetings held between the designer, project manager, client and relevant parties in which everyone is briefed on work progress and it is made sure that everything is going according to the contract, health and safety regulations etc. 6.10 Site Visits and Instructions to Site As mentioned in chapter 6.8 (Site Organization), there will be a record of site visits made by the project manager, necessary engineers and the designer. This record will be in the form of a log book, also containing any instructions from the designer or engineers regarding the project that they may have stated when they visited the site at a particular time. 6.11 Quality Control During the mentioned site visits, inspections of quality will occur, making sure that the construction site is working in accordance to the contract and ICTAD specifications etc. 6.12 Variations and Extra Work As with any project, there are bound to be some variation from the original brief that was signed off on. These variations have to be documented in a physical form and should always be known by the client and designer. Such variations can occur: Due to unavailability of a certain material, leading the designer to have to substitute it for another. New structural requirements that were not initially identified. Changes in quantities and measurements resulting from errors in the drawing plan stages, New changes in government regulations that now disallow certain acts in construction to happen. 6.13 Interim Bills and Payments During this time, any expenses that the client needs to pay for will documented by the main contractor. 6.14 Delays and Extensions of Time With the project being in Sri Lanka, there are bound to be delays in work due to multiple factors, foreseen and unforeseen: The numerous holidays and festivals in Sri Lanka such as The Sinhala and Tamil New year, Vesak, Diwali, Ramadan, Poya days etc. Monsoon season. The project is in the middle of urban Colombo thus landslides are unlikely, and flooding is not known to be a problem in the area. Natural disasters Logistical delays Chapter SEVEN Completion 7.1 Practical Completion and Defects Liability Period After construction was completed a certificate of practical completion was issued by the designer, as was a final defect list, and a copy of that was handed over to the contractor to rectify within the first six months of the end of construction. (Refer annexure blah) 7.2 Certificate of Conformity At the end of those six months, there will be an inspection of the building and if it is found that all defects have been rectified, a Certificate of Conformity (Refer annexure blah) is issued. At this point the rest of the contractors fee is paid and he receives a Final Payment Certificate (Refer annexure blah) and with that, his contract is terminated. 7.3 Feedback Thereafter the project manager informs the relevant parties of the final completion of the project and if needed, meets with the parties for feedback. Chapter EIGHT Conclusion Salutaris is a haven to the literary geeks of this age that are shunned by society or would be shunned, if anyone knew their secret. There are the lucky few that do get away with reading, but they are the exception to the rule. Social trends can be counted on to blow over but as for how long it will take for this trend to do so, a trend that has been building up for decades, is an uncertainty; and that is one of the biggest reasons Salutaris will prosper. This feasibility report showcases the entire process of getting this project off the ground, from the appointment of the designer and consultants to the end of construction.