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Household Behavior and Demand Essay Example for Free

Family unit Behavior and Demand Essay Family unit conduct is one of the any essential ideas in financial matters which affects advertise patterns. Family request, for example, can be viewed as identified with customer decisions as far as which items are for the most part purchased in the market and which items need more supplies regarding thing creation and its relating portion. One of the numerous basic highlights of family request is its comparing impact on what is being given in the market and, all the more critically, the amounts or stock that is being dispensed in the market. It appears to be very clear that the amounts of specific items in the marketâ€for occurrence, in a specific territory or a certain supermarketâ€are designed by the current interest and the anticipated requests a sooner or later, state inside a casing of half a month time. Family conduct, for its impacts on showcase patterns to be acknowledged and comprehended, must be taken from a general and aggregate point of view since a solitary explicit family conduct can't totally be considered as the exact and sole measure in deciding the general family conduct valid for all o most examples with respect to advertise patterns. For instance, it has been seen that Chinese individuals depend generally on the costs of items in figuring out which ones are the best purchases. Paul French notes that â€Å"for commonsense Chinese customers, value remains the base line† which means that â€Å"win on cost and you win† (French, 2007). Consequently, with regards to Chinese families, makers of specific merchandise ought to incredibly consider the way that Chinese families will undoubtedly favor merchandise which are moderately lower in cost when contrasted with different items in the market all together remain on the opposition. To have the option to deal with the value record of a specific item in the market intends to have the option to win the market rivalry if the Chinese family conduct is the essential premise to be utilized. The observation seems sufficiently straightforward: family conduct decides family unit request which, in outcome, influences an enormous part of certain market patterns. In this way, to break down a particular market pattern for a particular item involves the investigation and comprehension of specific patterns in family unit request brought about by family conduct. A current family unit request, say, for breakfast grains can be viewed the aggregate family conduct regarding oat utilization for as far back as a half year for the territory of Chicago, for instance. Given a moderately high utilization rate for breakfast oats with the cost not surpassing $4 per box among families, organizations delivering breakfast oats may have the relating choice to design their item as indicated by the current interest. In spite of the fact that it may not basically be the situation that organizations will forfeit costs of their items so as to fulfill the need for the estimation of the items, having the option to change item costs in understanding to the current market costs will in all likelihood lead to positive outcomes with respect to the organizations since advertise request is met. Very despite what might be expected, there are as yet other related elements which impede the accomplishment of bringing costs agreeing down to the spending plan and salary of family units which decide their ability to purchase and expend certain items. All the more as of late, a few moment noodle partnerships in China experience issues in bringing down the costs of their items due to heightening costs in wheat and other ranch products (Zhu, 2007). With costs in moment noodlesâ€a famous item among people with pitiful budgetâ€soaring, even the family request or ease moment noodles may barely stop organizations from bringing down the costs of their merchandise just to fulfill the current need in the market. With respect to families, appropriate designation of pay can be one cure so as to control superfluous spending in order to have the option to apportion financial plan on products which the family units regard as a desperate piece of their salary spending. For this situation, family conduct and request seems, by all accounts, to be designed by the current market patterns which is the inverse or converse instance of what has been given before. Thus, it is likewise conceivable to have a family conduct or purchaser decision that depends on existing business sector inclines separated from the likelihood that market patterns may likewise be founded on existing buyer decision and family unit conduct. Assigning pay to expand utility is one family unit conduct that decides purchaser decision over the long haul. For example, there is the perception that â€Å"household use designs are influenced by the portion of family unit pay accumulating to women† (Hopkins, Levin, Haddad, 1994). Given this observation, the selections of purchasers over a huge swath of items contending in the market isn't just influenced by outside components controlled by organizations yet additionally by inside components growing from family unit utilization examples of specific products comparable to the household’s spending assignment. As far as pay and replacement impacts, the adjustments in the costs of specific merchandise are proposed to change the requests for such products. Changes in relative costs just as changes in the buying influence of the cash salary can enormously modify the current requests for, state, a morning meal grain. Regardless of whether the costs for breakfast grains continue as before for a given period, modifications in the pay will result to an equivalent change in the spending imperative (Hamermesh, 1977). Then again, if the cost of breakfast oats changes, the spending requirement will change in like manner. One solid route in further understanding the circumstance is that so as to boost the utility with the diminished spending limitation, the family unit will in general have moves in their examples of utilization. For example, with the spending limitation emerging from the diminishing in the money’s buying influence, family units will in general expand the utility of cash by expanding the isolation of acquisition of products dependent on ease inclination. A guide to this is when family units buy merchandise with moderately lower costs given a financial plan of $20 which results to more acquisition of different products while then again families buying merchandise with generally more significant expenses will result to lesser expansion of the utility or lesser products bought with the $20 spending plan. Thus, wage rates likewise share a critical part in deciding family unit conduct and request just as shopper decision. It has been seen that the paces of wages of specific gatherings of individuals have comparing suggestions on the buying intensity of family units. To show up at the perception that the compensation of a family is diminished compares to the perception that the buying limit of a similar family relatively, if not altogether, diminishes. A higher compensation, at that point, will mean a higher ability to buy products in the market. In the bigger plan, a gathering of families with a high pace of compensation will in all probability have higher buying limit along these lines actuating the family conduct of expanded spending expecting the family has lesser propensities to spare their salary. Essentially, a specific market request will be summoned so that a specific decent, for example, will encounter an expansion popular which requires a relating increment in products being provided. Accordingly, it very well may be noticed that the general rate in family unit request will moderately build given the expansion in compensation. Then again, loan fees may extraordinarily adjust or move the persevering interest from family units towards a specific decent. For example, a higher financing costs for bought credits by family units will absolutely result to a higher genuine expense of procurement in the satisfaction of all installments made for the advance. It is very clear that an expansion of 2% in loan fees from 4% to 6% will definitely correspondingly affect the genuine expense of the great bought. Generally, higher loan fees mean greater expense of buys, diminished family unit spending given a fixed pace of wages, and a lesser spending on different products which result to a relating decline in the interest for those different merchandise. The cost of relaxation additionally has a critical job in appreciating the examples in family request and purchaser decisions. For example, more significant expenses in the expense of plane ventures would involve that the buyer will select the carrier supplier with the least expense. A decrease in the inclination for carriers with similarly higher aircraft costs will undoubtedly be felt accepting that a given arrangement of purchasers have fixed pay. Spending imperatives in a domain of expanding costs in recreation empower one to see the family unit interest for existing relaxation. In fact, it has been seen that few market patterns can be seen and broke down utilizing the recognitions on family conduct and interest for specific merchandise and items. The interrelationships existing between the market pattern and the family conduct is clear despite the fact that sooner or later a few exemptions would need to be made. Fundamental to this comprehension is the view that there might be real spending requirements and that costs of products may really move even without the nearness of the move, for example, a decrease or slope in the interest from family units. In any case, there are numerous cases wherein family unit conduct has its suggestions on the current market patterns. References French, P. (2007). At the point when the Best Buy Is No Buy. The Wall Street Journal(August 7). Hamermesh, D. S. (1977). A Note on Income and Substitution Effects in Search Unemployment. The Economic Journal, 87(346), 312. Hopkins, J. , Levin, C. , Haddad, L. (1994). Womens Income and Household Expenditure Patterns: Gender or Flow? Proof from Niger. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76(5), 1219. Zhu,

Button Poetry Fans Are In Luck Audiobooks Are Now Available

Button Poetry Fans Are In Luck Audiobooks Are Now Available Spoken word and slam poetry have become increasingly popular in the last few years. They have captured readers’ attention for their rawness and beauty and for ascribing the dramatization of a play to poetry. When performed by the author, it can feel almost cathartic to those watching: we carry our own feelings into the venue, and they are washed away and replaced by the feelings of those declaiming on stage. Our grief and love and life become suddenly more vivid, more worthy of attention. That’s the beauty of poetry in itself: for a moment we become what we are reading, even if we have never felt those emotions before. And after all, what better way to read poetry than by listening to it? Button Poetry has been a great propeller of slam poetry, especially because it gives voice to many authors of colour and LGBTQA+ authors, which also means that, more and more, poetry encapsulates broader experiences and life stories. On YouTube, you can find several videos of Button Poetry authors live on stage, and those acts have been made available in audio form on Spotify and other audio providers for a while, but now they’re also releasing complete poetry collections as audiobooks read by the author, recorded in a studio. The titles available so far are: Nothing Is Okay by Rachel Wiley From the same author of   Fat Girl Finishing School,  this book speaks of the relationship we build with our own bodies as we grow up, and includes subjects like feminism, queerness, and rape. Wiley is a fat-positive activist, and her live performances are emotional; many of her poems start off as a recollection of all the things fat girls grew up hearing from others, and how much it has shaped the way they see themselves, and their bodies. Its also an unapologetic love letter to all the things we were told not to love about ourselves. Helium by Rudy Francisco This collection of poems is the authors debut, and the main themes are race, class, and gender. Francisco performs many of his poems as if he is about to hit the punchline of a joke, but the subjects he speaks of are only funny because theyre so true. You can find many of his live performances on YouTube. Depression Other Magic Tricks by Sabrina Benain You probably know Benain through the video of her poem  Explaining My Depression to My Mother. In it, she acts out a deeply troubled conversation, and the poem is a desperate cry from a daughter who struggles so much with understanding the causes of her depression as her mother does. The book explores mental health, family relationships, and love. A Love Song, A Dead Rattle, A Battle Cry by  Kyle “Guante” Tran Myhre This book is a compilation of poems, essays, and lyrics, and it touches various themes like justice, love, and personal reflection. Guantes poetry is a spark which leads us to question the way we live as a community, and the daily tasks our society demands of us. You can check his live performances on YouTube as well. The audiobooks are available for purchase on Button Poetrys site, or you can get them via Audible and iTunes. If you’re looking for other poetry audiobooks, here are six more Book Riot has chosen for you. Sign up for Audiobooks to receive the latest from the audiobooks world.

Capital Punishment Should Be Supported For The Welfare Of...

As a child meanders through a green field, she feels the warmth of the sun and the whisper of the wind. Everything is so innocent and clean. She’s a little lost now, but it’s okay because there is a man not so far away that might be able to help her. She trusts him as he leads her on a path of destruction. He rapes her while breaking her fragile bones, but it s okay because he reunites her with the same green field, still barefoot the body lies there until discovered by the authorities a few years later. Some might than say the man found guilty does not deserve to be put on death row because it is very inhumane and unjust of America to treat its citizens like that, I disagree. Capital Punishment should be strongly supported in order to promote the welfare of others. At a young age we are taught about the morals of life. Those who are not taught, slowly develop understanding and a sense of acknowledgment which comes from within. At age 5 we are able to distinguish what is right and what is wrong. Adults know not to kill because it is not only against the law, it is morally our responsibility to take care of others rather than harm them. You rob someone of a life that they have yet not lived. Murderers are thieves who hurt and steal uncreated memories. The death penalty in the US is supported by 32 states which some might call â€Å"barbarian† and â€Å"inhumane†. It is impossible to promote safety when the consequences are blinded by people who don t believe in punishment. Life inShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is The Practice Of Executing People As Punishment For A Specific Crime Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pages2D 7A:Capital punishment is the practice of executing people as punishment for a specific crime. Throughout history, peo ple have been put to death for serious criminals. 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The Ku Klux Klan. Cody Weber Honors American History Essay

The Ku Klux Klan Cody Weber Honors American History Period 8 The Ku Klux Klan took a stand against equal rights for African Americans in a negative and racial manner by assaulting and abusing them. By doing this, the KKK wanted to make them feel like a lesser race. The KKK was founded in 1865 by six college students in the small town of Pulaski, Tennessee. The fore fathers of the Klan were John Lester, James Crowe, John Kennedy, Calvin Jones, Richard Reed, and Frank McCord. These men were Confederate veterans, were well-educated, and came from wealthy families. The Klan was originally created by these men as a social organization with fun in mind. This group spread through rural areas and small towns but it didn’t flourish in urban areas because urban areas weren’t suffering the small hardships as the rural towns were. They wanted to create a social group to defy the laws being passed by the U.S. government to give African American the same rights as white people. As word of this group spread, different towns created different divisions that all followed a supreme leader or Grand Wizard. All the groups gathered for a meeting to decide who would be the Grand Wizard. Nathan Bedford Forrest, former Confederate general, was elected Gr and Wizard. During this time period the Ku Klux Klan was extremely powerful and influential. The Klan killed African Americans as a way to stop the new amendments that the government was trying to pass. This was the beginning

Teaching in Urban Districts Free Essays

The main form of interaction that goes on in schools is between the teachers and the students. Some of the students are difficult or unruly and they present many difficulties for the teachers as the teachers cannot then organize the class and provide the level of quality education that they are capable of. Disruptive students require more attention from teachers and this stops teachers from giving adequate attention to the rest of the class. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching in Urban Districts or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many behavioral problems with students, but there is no method of dealing with such students in United States. Even the solution that can be achieved through disciplinary action has to be determined by the local school board, and then those decisions will have to be implemented by the teachers and the principal. One of the methods through which this can be done is the student parent handbook which is distributed to the students for giving to parents. This may give details of actions that would be taken by the teachers and the principal of the school, if the student does not live up to the expectations of the school and in the class. Other schools even give full details of the punishment that the student may be given when there is any infraction by the student of the rules of the school. (Teachers’ Relationships) At the same time, all punishments that are given are felt to be the responsibility of the teacher, by the student and the families of the students. This brings us to the next level as we have to determine the type of punishment that can be given to the students. The limits of this range from verbal warnings to in-school suspensions, and when the student crosses limits of behavior, then the general recommendation is an out of school suspension. At the same time, some students are repeat offenders, and their punishment increases with the number of times they have caused an offense. The system of punishing students and still retaining them in the same school has now been questioned by some educationists, who have suggested that alternative schools be set up for them. This will permit the ordinary schools on teaching of students who have a lot of desire to learn. Another group has suggested that punishments start earlier, from primary school, and the punishments should be clarified with a clear system. The problem is that the parents are not aware of all these systems of the school, as they only go through the written material that they receive from schools and even that in a cursory manner. These do not make them respond and thus the parents’ point of view remains unknown. The parents meet and talk to the school authorities only during formal occasions like school open houses and teacher conferences, and at these occasions, most participants are reserved. It is possible for both teachers and parents to set up other meetings, but that action is taken only when the concerned student has problems regarding progress. Even during the process of their training, teachers do not receive much training regarding interaction with parents. As is well known, training for becoming teachers takes place in colleges of education based in universities. The individuals who want to become teachers join up courses for both academic learning as also for courses in education. The combination is expected to teach them both the methods of teaching as also the contents that they desire to teach the students. On joining up for the first time, the students are expected to undergo a period of teaching students. There are some individuals who feel that a teacher who is still in the learning process should be left alone with students, others take the view that it may be better if they are supported by an experienced teacher during the first few weeks of teaching that they undertake. (Teachers’ Relationships) (1) The teacher also faces different challenges and those depend on the environment where they start teaching. Schools in urban areas are not individual schools, but are part of a large bureaucracy that is not able to act fast in response to the needs of the schools. These schools generally do not have many resources, and even the buildings are in poor condition in many cases. From outside the school, the environment within the school may be affected by gang activity, drug availability and usage on a large scale and there being a lack of community structure. Students who are coming to the school are burdened not only with educational requirements, but also carry the burden of poverty, hunger and poor housing. There is a feeling among the parents, teachers, principals and students that the school they are concerned with is something special and separate. This can be said to be the tone, climate or ethos of the school, and those seem to be related to all activities that are connected with the school. (NCREL Monograph: Building Collaborative Cultures) This is a unique quality, a special school culture. This has an effect on the way they act, on how they dress, or even what they are continuously talking about or what they will never talk of. It also determines whether they seek help from others or they do not seek help. This culture of the school is built up of different norms, values, beliefs and assumptions and rituals. These are built up over time as teachers, students, parents and administrators have worked together, or dealt with crises and developed their own unstated expectations for interactions and methods of working together. On the other side there are some schools which remain as isolated places for working and there the teachers are left alone. They work alone in their rooms, and have little interaction with their colleagues. They keep the problems that they face to themselves. When one sees these schools, the teachers are islands – they feel a gulf of separation from each other, seldom talk to other teachers, or share their points of view in terms of the profession or even solving their problems. (NCREL Monograph: Building Collaborative Cultures) The urban districts have schools which have had a much longer period of development than new schools which have come up in the suburban areas. This makes their cultural situation much more rigid, and any teacher has to adapt to them. After their graduation from college and getting the necessary qualifications required to become a teacher, most of the teachers still end up working in isolation. The teachers do not get enough time to work along with other teachers, and this is happening even now when there are a lot of efforts being made to get greater involvement of the teachers. There are new efforts to improve the general quality of individuals who join as teachers. The effort is through a compulsory renewal of certificates needed for teaching, creating programs where the teachers will all have mentors and general improvement of their salaries and working conditions. The process of improvement and this is through decisions taken at the school itself. It becomes the responsibility of the teachers in the schools to have a plan for improvement of the school. That will set up objectives for the school and give the teachers a greater say in the methods of running the school. It is possible to have new methods of instruction like teaching in teams, cooperative learning and individualized instruction through the use of computers. There are also other ways through which the performance of teachers can be evaluated. The implementation of these methods encourages the teachers to help their students achieve new state level standards that have been set up. (Teachers’ Relationships) It is clear that schools where there is not enough satisfaction for the teachers will ultimately result in their leaving the school. It is not correct to say that low incentives are the main reason for their departure. In the city schools the teachers end up getting a salary less than they get in the schools of the suburbs, but that is not the main reason why they leave the school. There are many teachers who leave the school as they feel that they have not been getting enough support from the school administration. Within the school there are many intrusions during the time given for teaching in the class, there are a lot of problems of discipline of the students, and the teachers do not get a say as to how the school will be run. (Why Do High-Poverty Schools Have Difficulty Staffing Their Classrooms with Qualified Teachers? ) The degree of autonomy that is available to teachers in schools varies to a large extent. There are schools where the teachers have had the greatest role in development of the curricula and also helped the new teachers understand the curricula. On the other side, there are many schools where the teachers had to work with books that had been purchased and teach from them. There are a lot of differences within the teachers themselves which make the entire process even more difficult. A team of teachers from one district selected new mathematics and science curricula, but other teachers found that this curriculum of science was too difficult for the students. Teachers in another school were given a time of half a day for setting out the grade level objectives, but the teachers found the time to be too short and this was done only once. The teachers were not able to make plans that satisfied their desires. The involvement and satisfaction is different from school to school. The only matter that teachers seem to agree on is regarding their opinion of conditions which are suitable for teaching. The teachers are in favor of more flexible schedules, increase in resources for teaching and more assistance for teachers. There was also a difference in accountability and teachers in low income areas are generally ones to face the greatest demand for accountability and the greatest challenges. Certainly the level demanded from them was higher than was demanded from teachers in middle and high income areas. (2) We are facing a failure to ensure that classrooms in the country are filled with quality teachers, and this is more acute as the situation is the worst in disadvantaged schools. In general people say that the lack of teachers is the reason for this shortage. Why Do High-Poverty Schools Have Difficulty Staffing Their Classrooms with Qualified Teachers? ) The reasons for this shortage are ascribed to recent retirements of a large number of teachers and also due to a large increase in enrolment of students. This makes it even more difficult for schools in poor districts to get an adequate number of trained teachers. These school districts are in the urban areas and as a result of this shortage, these schools end up with a large number of under-qualified teachers. This lack of sufficient teachers is felt to be the main reason for the lack of proper education and building of careers of the students from these schools, and these students are in general from poor communities. All these factors are known to the authorities and they have tried to respond by the supply of an increase in the number of teachers to these schools. This has resulted in a lot of efforts to recruit new teachers in these schools, during the recent years. The greatest stress is on schools which are in disadvantaged settings. On further analysis of the data, it is seen that the staffing problems in these schools is not due to a lack of teachers, and what one is trying to say is that they are not suffering from a lack of adequately qualified teachers. The data clearly shows that the problems in staffing of the schools come from a ‘revolving door’ that exists in these schools. This means that teachers join and then leave these schools within a short period, and the reason for their leaving the school is not retirement. The data shows that public schools in high poverty area, in urban communities leave about a fifth of their teachers every year! Why Do High-Poverty Schools Have Difficulty Staffing Their Classrooms with Qualified Teachers? ) These results show that the entire staff of the school could be lost within a very short period. The reason for the departure of these teachers is also in part due to the lack of involvement of the parents in the teaching process. Most of the residents in these areas are African American and Latino. The parents from these groups feel that the faculty in the local elementary school is biased against them. This is the reason that the parents state as being the cause for their non-participation in the school activities. Why Urban Parents Resist Involvement in their Children’s Elementary Education) The parents clearly mention that they would work only with teachers who respect and value their children. This causes great difficulty for experienced teachers as they are aware of the value of the participation by parents. Help from the parents was thought to be essential for good education, and this was taken for granted by teachers. Teachers felt parents supported their efforts and expectations for education of children. Today the situation in the cities has changed due to different family arrangement and socio-cultural differences between the teachers and the students with their families. The differences between them arise as the students and their families suffer from poverty, racism, language and cultural differences. The parents feel that the system has been prepared for the education of children from middle class and white families. This is bound to happen as the family has to feel that they have an important role in the education of their children. When the parents are from the middle class, then the parents feel that they have a duty in assisting the school for education of their children. On the other hand when the family is from the low income group, then the parents feel that it is the responsibility of the school to educate children. The thoughts of the parents regarding their own responsibility also make the parents visit the school and participate in all activities of the school. Of course to an extent, it also depends on the attitude of the school and some schools make the parents feel comfortable and at home in the school. Teachers in the urban centers often are not aware of the ethnicities and culture of the students they teach, and they have to learn this to be able to reverse the resistance of the family to involvement with school education. In many cities there have been changes over the years. Many of the cities were dominated by industry earlier, but due to development, the industries are no longer functioning from those cities. With the close of the factories, there were closure of supporting activities like restaurants and department stores. The population of the cities also declined from 100,000 earlier to about 60,000 now. Why Urban Parents Resist Involvement in their Children’s Elementary Education) While the population has dropped, there was a growth in different races in the city – African American and Latinos. The main school is located where the downtown area used to be. Within a range of one block are high rise public housing buildings which are home to four hundred families. Ninety-five percent of the children living there are from the two communities mentioned earlier. This means that the school will have to interact with these communities. The change in situation had led the city school district to have total integration of its elementary schools. Thus the elementary school serving the public housing building has now got all low-income and colored children. As a solution, the district had to send the children on a bus to the affluent elementary school situated on the hill which has a middle class neighborhood. (Why Urban Parents Resist Involvement in their Children’s Elementary Education) The school may have better facilities, but will the parents like it? The number of teachers from the minorities is falling. In 1974, 12. 5% of all full time teachers were African American, and today the number is down to 11 percent. This makes it possible that some students complete school without coming in touch with a minority community teacher. The minorities certainly have better career choices now, but even in teaching they feel that get low salaries and occupational prestige. (Increasing Minority Participation in the Teaching Profession) Thus teaching as a profession is not being liked. (3) It is clear that teaching in urban areas is not liked as it considered difficult to teach there. The schools have wide racial diversity among the students, little supply of materials required to teach, high demands from the bureaucrats that have to be met, low involvement of the parents in the school, and finally, low salaries. These are the reasons why suburban schools find it easier to get teachers as they are able to provide more resources, greater flexibility in the areas of teaching, and finally, better pay. (Teachers’ Relationships) The solution to the problem is not that city schools recruit more teachers, which they have to do as they do not have enough teachers now. They have to find ways and means to stop the teachers from leaving the profession. It is very important that the teacher’s ability to employ positive behavior intervention and support in the classroom is taken up. When the teacher has defects in terms of skills, the results will appear in the poor results from students who are concerned with the teacher. (Strengthening Emotional Support Services) The schools have to make sure that all students are taught by qualified teachers and this is what makes them worry about retaining the teachers on their roles. How to cite Teaching in Urban Districts, Papers

The Unemployment Rate Essay Example For Students

The Unemployment Rate Essay The Unemployment Rate Essay Introduction The unemployment rate became a hot topic in the past few months when it rose to 3.5 per cent, a recent high for almost 10 years. The jobless rate was higher than the 3.2 per cent unemployment rate recorded in the May to July period. The underemployment rate in the June to August period rose to 2. We will write a custom essay on The Unemployment Rate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 5 per cent from 2.3 per cent in the May to July period. Until recently, most workers who lost their jobs were from the manufacturing sector. They were middle-aged factory workers with few skills and little education. But in recent months a large number of employees have been laid off in the retail and restaurant businesses. Unemployment has spilled over to the service sector from manufacturing sector. Hong Kong is facing a prolonged economic downturn. The high unemployment rate has raised many social and economic problems. For example, the number of people who commit suicide is increased. It is because more people had lost their jobs for a long time. It is a serious threat to the lives of the poor. The unemployed people may also feel that it is unmeaningful to live. As a result, they will commit suicide to solve the problem. Moreover, the high unemployment rate results in the increase of the rate of crime. There was an unemployed man who stole rice because he was too hungry and he did not have money to even buy food! We can know how serious the unemployment rate is. By the way, higher unemployment rate causes lower purchasing power of people. A lot of kinds of business are affected. Many people lose confidence in economics of Hong Kong. They do not believe unemployment will be improved. Some say that the Government should provide immediate assistance for the jobless. Some also say unemployment is due to the attraction of cheap labor across the border. The Government can no longer play the role of a bystander. All of these above show the influence of the unemployment. In spite of how many people who have talked about the topic of unemployment, everyone will be concerned about this topic. The following sections will analyze this hot topic. Reasons for unemployment in Hong Kong 1. Faster growth in total labor supply relative to that of total employment In 1993 and 1994, the increase in Hong Kong labor force is 2.9% and 3.5% respectively. At the end of 1993, the total labour supply is 2 970 000. Change in the total labour supply is determined by the population growth, total employment and the emigration condition. If the population growth and the total employment is stable, the extra labour supply will increase the total labour supply. This extra labour supply are mostly from the influx of illegal immigrants from China, imported labour ( 30,000 ), hiring of expatriates ( net increase is 40,000 from 1992 to 1994 ) and the returnees from overseas. Thus, the supply of labour is greater than the demand and gives pressure on employment. From March to May of 1995, the total labour supply had risen 4.4% but the total employment had just increased 3. 6%, so this aggravated the unemployment rate. However, this is just a superficial reason. The following reasons can explain the reason of unemployment in a deeper way. 2. Change in the economic structure The economic structure in Hong Kong has changed from labour intensive to high technology and large capital intensive. Also, it changes from manufacturing oriented to service oriented industries. Therefore, the manufacturing factories move to China for cheap labour. From 1988 to 1994, there are 60,000 jobs lost each year. Of the total employment of different sectors, the portion of the manufacturing industries drops from 27.4% in 1990 to 17% in 1994. Many labour are released from the manufacturing industries. Though there are a great demand of labour in the service sector, many of the unemployed still cannot find their job because of job matching problem. .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .postImageUrl , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:hover , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:visited , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:active { border:0!important; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:active , .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9 .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5ad4f7a3d6a7cacd0b3cb7a69175ef9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: GMOs Essay They do not have the skills demanded in the job market, so there are both a lot of vacancies of jobs and a lot of unemployed labour. This kind of unemployment is called the structural unemployment which is a kind of involuntary unemployment. 3. China Policy Recently, the Chinese government tries to control the economy by macro policy such as implementing the contractionary monetary policy , inflation control policy. This leads to the slow down in the Chinese economy. The flow in of the Chinese capital to Hong Kong for speculation and investment reduce. This affects Hong Kongs economic growth simultaneously. In . The Unemployment Rate Essay Example For Students The Unemployment Rate Essay The Unemployment Rate Essay Introduction The unemployment rate became a hot topic in the past few months when it rose to 3.5 per cent, a recent high for almost 10 years. The jobless rate was higher than the 3.2 per cent unemployment rate recorded in the May to July period. The underemployment rate in the June to August period rose to 2. We will write a custom essay on The Unemployment Rate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 5 per cent from 2.3 per cent in the May to July period. Until recently, most workers who lost their jobs were from the manufacturing sector. They were middle-aged factory workers with few skills and little education. But in recent months a large number of employees have been laid off in the retail and restaurant businesses. Unemployment has spilled over to the service sector from manufacturing sector. Hong Kong is facing a prolonged economic downturn. The high unemployment rate has raised many social and economic problems. For example, the number of people who commit suicide is increased. It is because more people had lost their jobs for a long time. It is a serious threat to the lives of the poor. The unemployed people may also feel that it is unmeaningful to live. As a result, they will commit suicide to solve the problem. Moreover, the high unemployment rate results in the increase of the rate of crime. There was an unemployed man who stole rice because he was too hungry and he did not have money to even buy food! We can know how serious the unemployment rate is. By the way, higher unemployment rate causes lower purchasing power of people. A lot of kinds of business are affected. Many people lose confidence in economics of Hong Kong. They do not believe unemployment will be improved. Some say that the Government should provide immediate assistance for the jobless. Some also say unemployment is due to the attraction of cheap labor across the border. The Government can no longer play the role of a bystander. All of these above show the influence of the unemployment. In spite of how many people who have talked about the topic of unemployment, everyone will be concerned about this topic. The following sections will analyze this hot topic. Reasons for unemployment in Hong Kong 1. Faster growth in total labor supply relative to that of total employment In 1993 and 1994, the increase in Hong Kong labor force is 2.9% and 3.5% respectively. At the end of 1993, the total labour supply is 2 970 000. Change in the total labour supply is determined by the population growth, total employment and the emigration condition. If the population growth and the total employment is stable, the extra labour supply will increase the total labour supply. This extra labour supply are mostly from the influx of illegal immigrants from China, imported labour ( 30,000 ), hiring of expatriates ( net increase is 40,000 from 1992 to 1994 ) and the returnees from overseas. Thus, the supply of labour is greater than the demand and gives pressure on employment. From March to May of 1995, the total labour supply had risen 4.4% but the total employment had just increased 3. 6%, so this aggravated the unemployment rate. However, this is just a superficial reason. The following reasons can explain the reason of unemployment in a deeper way. 2. Change in the economic structure The economic structure in Hong Kong has changed from labour intensive to high technology and large capital intensive. Also, it changes from manufacturing oriented to service oriented industries. Therefore, the manufacturing factories move to China for cheap labour. From 1988 to 1994, there are 60,000 jobs lost each year. Of the total employment of different sectors, the portion of the manufacturing industries drops from 27.4% in 1990 to 17% in 1994. Many labour are released from the manufacturing industries. Though there are a great demand of labour in the service sector, many of the unemployed still cannot find their job because of job matching problem. .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .postImageUrl , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:hover , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:visited , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:active { border:0!important; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:active , .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7 .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc8c5abc12dbb8f05fd2e04f52e07dcf7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christopher Columbus Essay They do not have the skills demanded in the job market, so there are both a lot of vacancies of jobs and a lot of unemployed labour. This kind of unemployment is called the structural unemployment which is a kind of involuntary unemployment. 3. China Policy Recently, the Chinese government tries to control the economy by macro policy such as implementing the contractionary monetary policy , inflation control policy. This leads to the slow down in the Chinese economy. The flow in of the Chinese capital to Hong Kong for speculation and investment reduce. This affects Hong Kongs economic growth simultaneously. In .